yes, there are 69 terms
Terms : Hide Images
| 409703136 | Paleolithic Age | Also known as the Old Stone Age; lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. Oldest stone chopping tools date back to this era. Much of this age occurred during the Ice Age. | 0 | |
| 409703137 | Neolithic Age | Also known as the New Stone Age, from 8000 to 3000 B.C. (approximately); People learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals. | 1 | |
| 409722214 | homo erectus | lived from 1.6 million to 30,000 B.C.; found in Africa, Asia, and Europe; brain size 1,000 cm³; nicknamed "upright man", more intelligent and adaptable than previous; used intelligence to develop technology; first to use fire; may have developed the beginnings of spoken language | 2 | |
| 409722215 | theocracy | a type of government in which the ruler is also a divine figure; used in Egypt, people believed that their pharaoh bore full responsibility of their kingdom's well-being; Egyptians believed that it was the pharaoh who caused the sun to rise, the crops to grow, and the Nile to flood | 3 | |
| 409722216 | Fertile Crescent | in Southwest Asia, most fertile farming land in the area; rich silt creates the perfect land for farming in an area surrounded by desert | 4 | |
| 409722217 | Indus River Valley | located in South Asia in an area known as a subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh); northern migrants may have made their way to this area through a pass in the Hindu Kush mountains; domesticated sheep and goats here; built many cities, largest include Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa; cities planned on a precise grid system; featured an area called a citadel with major buildings of city; seperate residential districts constructed of oven-baked bricks cut in standard form; religion may be linked to modern Hindu culture | 5 | |
| 409722218 | Code of Hammurabi | a code developed to unify diverse groups within the Babylonian Empire; this code was made up of existing rules, judgments, and laws which were engraved into stone and placed all over his empire; there were 282 specific laws dealing with anything one could imagine- from divorce to the trading of livestock; the code is infamous for its severity | 6 | |
| 409722219 | dynasty | a series of rulers from a single family; the type of ruling found in China and in ancient Sumerian city-states | 7 | |
| 409722220 | characteristics of civilization | 1) advanced cities 2) specialized workers 3) complex institutions 4) record keeping 5) advanced technology | 8 | |
| 409722221 | Torah | the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible which contains the early history of the Hebrews; considered the most sacred writings in Jewish tradition; consist mainly of stories told to teach lessons | 9 | |
| 409722222 | Monotheism | a belief in a single god; first introduced by the Hebrews who believed that Yahweh was the one and only God | 10 | |
| 409722223 | Moses | according to the Torah, the man who led the Hebrews out of slavery; it is told that the Egyptian pharaoh was threatened by the number of Hebrews in Egypt and ordered all Hebrew male babies to be killed; saved from this massacre, went on to lead Jews out of Egypt | 11 | |
| 409722224 | Indo-Europeans | a group of seminomadic people who came from the steppes north of the Caucasus; herded cattle, sheep, and goats; tamed horses and rode into battle in chariots; their languages are the ancestors of many modern languages such as English, Spanish, Persian and Hindi | 12 | |
| 409722225 | Anatolia | also known as Asia Minor; a huge peninsula in modern-day Turkey the juts out into the Black and Mediterranean seas; rich in timber and agriculture, home to separate Hittite city-states | 13 | |
| 409722226 | Hittites | a group of Indo-European speakers who occupied Anatolia; banded together all of their city-states to create a Hittite empire; lasted for 450 years, occupied Babylon; borrowed ideas and traits from the Mesopotamian people that they encountered; their chariots brought them victory over other civilizations | 14 | |
| 409722227 | Caste System | a social system that consisted of 4 major groups originally known as varnas; the four basic groups eventually evolved into more complex groups with hundreds of subdivisions; began in Aryan society in India | 15 | |
| 409722228 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; seperated from society for most of his life by his father, at age 29, ventured outside of his palace and interpereted what he saw to mean that only through religious faith may one find happiness; wandered the forests of India for 6 years seeking enlightenment; debated with other religious seekers; believed in 4 Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path where you aimed to reach nirvana | 16 | |
| 409722229 | Hinduism | cannot be traced back to one founder with a single set of ideas; holy book called Vedas; teachers meditated on the Vedas and came up with questions the were written down to become the Upanishads; goal is to reach a state of moksha where you will have perfect understanding; they believe in reincarnation and karma | 17 | |
| 409722230 | Buddhism | follow the Eightfold Path and the Four Noble Truths; worship Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha; follow the dharma which is the doctrine or law; rejected the caste system, so many of the earliest followers were laborers and craftspeople | 18 | |
| 409722231 | Moksha | a state of perfect understanding and a break from the chain of reincarnations | 19 | |
| 409722232 | Dharma | Buddhist doctrine or law, one of the "Three Jewels" of Buddhism | 20 | |
| 409722233 | Phoenicians | most powerful traders along the Mediterranean after 1100 B.C.; never united into a country, founded a number of wealthy city-states around the Mediterranean which sometimes competed with one another; great legacy: the Alphabet | 21 | |
| 409722234 | Varnas | word for skin color in the Aryan language; original name for the groups in the caste system | 22 | |
| 409722235 | Karma | good or bad deeds which follow one from one reincarnation to the next; it influences specific life circumstances such as caste, health, etc, according to Hindu belief | 23 | |
| 409722236 | Nirvana | the Buddha's word for release from selfishness and pain; Buddhists believe that by following the Eightfold Path, they may reach this state | 24 | |
| 409722237 | Untouchables | the lowest group of people in the caste system; they were deemed the most impure because of their work: butchers, gravediggers, collecters of trash; it was believed that even their touch endangered the ritual purity of others | 25 | |
| 409722238 | Minoans | a powerful seafaring people who dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean from about 2000 to 1400 B.C.; lived on Crete and produced some of the finest painted pottery of the time; ruled by King Minos | 26 | |
| 409722239 | Confucius | China's most influencial scholar; believed that government could be restored in China and that society should be organized around 5 basic relationships: 1) ruler and subject 2) father and son 3) husband and wife 4) older brother and younger brother 5) friend and friend | 27 | |
| 409722240 | Nebuchadnezzar | a Chaldean king who restored Babylon and built a beautiful palace which housed the famous hanging gardens | 28 | |
| 409722241 | Darius | Cambyses's successor, ruler of the Persian empire; seized the throne with the help of an elite group of Persian soldiers: the Ten Thousand Immortals; established an efficient and well-organized administration; increased the size of the already immense Persian empire; failed to conquer Greece; divided his kingdom into 20 provinces for easier ruling | 29 | |
| 409722242 | Assyrians | known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to centeral Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire | 30 | |
| 409722243 | Cyrus | Persia's king who began invading neighboring kingdoms in Iran; this king's soldiers wore a specialized uniform and had many consecutive victories; this king was respectful of the people he conquered; the people he conquered enjoyed remarkable freedom... Babylon even opened its gates peacefully to him in 539 B.C. | 31 | |
| 409722244 | Persians | an empire based on tolerence and diplomacy; relied on a strong military to back up their policies; had massive amounts of copper, lead, gold, silver, and blue lapis lazuli | 32 | |
| 409722245 | Zoroaster | a Persian prophet and religous reformer who created an answer for suffering and chaos in the world; believed that two spiritual armies fought for possession of one's soul; taught ideas similar to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam | 33 | |
| 409722246 | Polis | a city-state with a fundamental political unit in ancient Greece | 34 | |
| 409722247 | Xerxes | Darius's son who led a huge Persian army and fleet against Greece | 35 | |
| 409722248 | direct democracy | a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives; an important legacy of Periclean Athens | 36 | |
| 409722249 | Peloponnesian War | war fought between two of Greece's city-states: Athens and Sparta; each had its own advantage, but Sparta eventually won; in the end, Athens lost its empire, power, and wealth; general confidence in democratic government began to falter | 37 | |
| 409722250 | Socrates | one of the most powerful thinkers in history; also one of the strongest critics of the Sophists; believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice; developed Socratic method (question and answer approach of teaching) | 38 | |
| 409722251 | Plato | philosopher who had careers as a wrestler and poet before he became a philosopher; studied with Socrates; opened the Academy in Athens | 39 | |
| 409722252 | Sparta | an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess, Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 40 | |
| 409722253 | Macedonia | a kingdom to the north of Greece; had rough mountains and a cold climate; most of these nobles thought of themselves as Greek, but the Greeks looked down upon these foreigners | 41 | |
| 409722254 | Alexander the Great | the son of Philip II who took over his military campaign; was taught by Aristotle; strong and powerful leader who defeated Persia and created a huge empire; named several cities after himself | 42 | |
| 409722255 | Hellenistic period | the blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences, a result of Alexander's empire; centered around Alexandria in Egypt; a grand library where scholars, teachers, and students gathered to read and learn; astronomical advances were made, as well as mathmatics, physics, philosophy, and art | 43 | |
| 409722256 | Trojan War | most stories of this war were fictional; fought between the Mycenaean kings and the Trojans; the Greek army is said to have destroyed Troy because a Trojan youth had kidnapped the wife of a Greek king | 44 | |
| 409722257 | Mycenaeans | a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms; | 45 | |
| 409722258 | Ptolemy | one of Alexandria's most renowned astronomers who incorrectly placed the earth at the center of the solar system; this view was accepted for the next 14 centuries | 46 | |
| 410203302 | Helots | peasants forced to stay on the land where they worked; prisoners of the Spartans (mostly Messenians); their revolt caused Sparta to become a stronger city-state | 47 | |
| 409722259 | Oligarchy | a government ruled by a few powerful people | 48 | |
| 409722260 | Monarchy | a government in which kings or monarchs ruled | 49 | |
| 409722261 | Aristocracy | a government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families | 50 | |
| 409722262 | Aqueduct | a structure designed by Roman engineers to bring water into cities and towns | 51 | |
| 409722263 | Roman law | this Roman contribution delt mostly with the rights of Roman citizens; one belief was that it should be fair and equal to all people | 52 | |
| 409722264 | Republic | a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote and select their leaders | 53 | |
| 409722265 | Roman government | balanced combination of a monarchy, aristocracy, and a democracy; two officials called consuls ruled with limited power; senate with 300 members; dictator who had absolute power | 54 | |
| 409722266 | Punic Wars | war between Rome and Carthage in which a leader named Hannibal came from Africa to Europe with 60 elephants; he won several battles against Rome, but eventually lost | 55 | |
| 409722267 | Pax Romana | means Roman peace; a period of peace and prosperity; at this time, the Roman Empire included more than 3 million square miles and its population numbered between 60 and 80 million people | 56 | |
| 409722268 | Constantine | Roman emperor who fought 3 rivals for his title; prayed for divine help and recieved it; won against his emperors; got baptized and ended the persecution of the Christians; Christianity became the Roman empire's official religion | 57 | |
| 409722269 | Huns | Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome | 58 | |
| 409722270 | Etruscans | one of three groups who inhabited the Italian penninsula who battled for control agains the Latins and the Greeks; native to northern Italy; strongly influenced by the development of Roman civilization | 59 | |
| 409722271 | Brahma | one of the three most important gods in the new Hinduism; known as the creator of the world | 60 | |
| 409722272 | Vishnu | another of the three most important gods in Hinduism; known as preserver of the world | 61 | |
| 409722273 | Civil service system | government jobs that civilians obtained by taking examinations; created by Chinese emperors; employed more than 130,000 people | 62 | |
| 409722274 | calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting; used because the depiction of living creatures was prohibited in Muslim culture | 63 | |
| 409722275 | Mecca | a city in northern Arabia with a simple house of worship called a Ka'aba; was an important stop on the trade route because it brought religious pilgrims | 64 | |
| 409722276 | Muhammad | born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family, raised by grandfather and uncle; became business manager for Khadijah whom he later married; often spent time alone meditatiing; believed that Gabriel came and spoke to him, began new religion called Islam | 65 | |
| 409722277 | Sunni | followers of Muhammad's example; disliked the Umayyads | 66 | |
| 409722278 | Five Pillars | beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage | 67 | |
| 409722279 | Caliph | successor or deputy for Muhammad who led the Muslims | 68 |
