Terms : Hide Images
| 8516489280 | Barter | The exchange of goods directly (trade was based on this in the early Middle Ages). | 0 | |
| 8516490162 | Benedictine Rule | Followed by almost all Italian, English and Frankish monks and nuns. Rules for their behavior were written by Benedict around 540, and included daily rituals of prayer, manual labor, and eating. | 1 | |
| 8516490523 | Byzantine Empire | After the Western Roman Empire fell, the Eastern Empire lived on for almost a thousand years, the Empire was named after "Byzantium," the town Constantine renamed "Constantinople" as the capital city. | 2 | |
| 8516491746 | Caesaropapism | The policy of political and religious power concentrated in the emperor's hands (Caesar and pope). | 3 | |
| 8516492130 | Canon Law | Rules for behavior that first filled the void of political authority in the early days, but eventually meant that political authority could not develop. | 4 | |
| 8516492612 | Carolingian Famiily | The Frankish realm (Royal family) to Charles Martel ("Charles the Hammer") and Charles the Great. | 5 | |
| 8516493352 | Charlemagne | Grandson of Charles Martel, conquered most of the mainland western Europe, ruled for half a century and as long as he was alive, his growing kingdom paid him allegiance. | 6 | |
| 8516493900 | Clovis | The Franks ruler from 481 until 511. Him and his followers first destroyed the last vestiges of Roman power, then imposed control over other Franks. He converted to Christianity. | 7 | |
| 8516493901 | Crusades | Most dramatic moves that were made into the Middle East in a series of attacks. Faught between the Muslims and the Christians. | 8 | |
| 8516495066 | Excommunication, Interdict | Separate members of the church from the church and its sacraments. Dismissed all people within a ruler's realm, as a result no babies born could be baptized, no marriages would be valid in the eyes of the church and no last rites could be read to those on their deathbeds. | 9 | |
| 8516496976 | Feudalism | A complex system of political and military loyalties that linked lords together. | 10 | |
| 8516496977 | Franks | A group that was attempted to unite all of western Europe under one king, they failed, but their imprint for economic and political organization was left on the area. They organized a series of Germanic kingdoms under their kings mainly through military conquest. | 11 | |
| 8516498305 | Ghettos | Small urban areas where Jews often lived in, completely segregated from the Christian majority. | 12 | |
| 8516498306 | Guilds | Created by craftsmen in the towns, associations of people who worked in the same occupation. These groups had enough power to control trade, they also were responsible for training apprentices and setting standards for membership that encouraged the quality of their products to increase. | 13 | |
| 8516499376 | Hagia Sophia | Church of the holy wisdom, one of the most important examples of Christian architecture in the world. | 14 | |
| 8516500099 | Hanseatic League | (formed by cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia) To facilitate trade as more towns purchased charters from kings and served their feudal ties to lords on the rural manors. | 15 | |
| 8516500451 | Heresy | False often considered to be dangerous. An opinion different from orthodox. | 16 | |
| 8516501176 | Holy Roman Empire | Established in spirit with Charlemagne's crowning in 800, but not officially until 962, when a loose confederation of the German princes named one of their own as emperor. | 17 | |
| 8516501981 | Hundred Years War | Was fought by France and England during the 14th and 15th centuries for territories the English king controlled in France - a great conflict between the old governing rules under feudalism and the newly emerging claims of national states. | 18 | |
| 8516502951 | Justinian, Justinian Code | Ruled from 527 to 565 C.E., he put a great deal of time, money, and effort into public buildings in Constantinople. Created the Corpus Iuris Civilis (codified Roman law.) | 19 | |
| 8516504540 | Limited Government, Parliaments | (limits on the power of the ruler) is based partly on Magna Carta .Were created to give nobility and the clergy a voice in policy-making. | 20 | |
| 8516505161 | Magna Carta | A document that king John of England was forced to sign to guarantee rights of the nobility. | 21 | |
| 8516506432 | Manorialism | An economic system in which peasants were tied to the land to supply labor to their lords. | 22 | |
| 8516506955 | "Middle Ages" | Historians refer to the period of western European history from 500 to 1500 C.E. as the medieval times. | 23 | |
| 8516508342 | Missi Dominici | Royal agents (the Sovereign's envoys) as the "eyes and ears" of the king to report back on any abuses of power. | 24 | |
| 8516509394 | Pogroms | Anti-Semitic mob actions, drove Jews from western to eastern Europe, where they experienced less discrimination. | 25 | |
| 8516509395 | Renaissance | Rebirth of art and culture was beginning to take shape in Italy. | 26 | |
| 8516510524 | Saladin | Great Muslim general who took Jerusalem back during the 12th century. | 27 | |
| 8516511058 | Sassanid Empire | Major political threat of the early Byzantine Empire, the Empires people had sought to rebuild the old Persian Empire, but they were attacked and defeated by the Arab Muslims in the 7th century. | 28 | |
| 8516512354 | Scholasticism | The attempt to reconcile the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical reasoning of Greek philosophy. | 29 | |
| 8516512355 | Serfs | (Most people) Lived on and were tied to self-sufficient agricultural estates (manors). Received protection, administrative justice, and the right to gaze their animals from the lord of the manor, in return they were obliged to stay on the land and give a portion of their products to the lord. | 30 | |
| 8516513400 | Theodora | An Empress who had a great deal of influence over her husband, Justinian, who listen to and often followed her advice. | 31 | |
| 8516513401 | Usury | The charging of interest for the use of money. | 32 | |
| 8516514018 | Vernacular Languages | An important development in medieval literature, beginning in the 13th century, before this serious literature was generally written in Latin. | 33 | |
| 8516514431 | Vikings | Raiders from Scandinavia, that began in 793 and continued for the next two centuries. | 34 |
