Chapters 28-33
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| 375892576 | Western Front | A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other | 0 | |
| 375892577 | Balfour Declaration | Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. | 1 | |
| 375892578 | Bolsheviks | The radical wing of the Russian Social Democratic party. | 2 | |
| 375892579 | Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until Germany sneaked him back in 1917. Lead Bolsheviks to victory during Russian Revolution. | 3 | |
| 375892580 | trench warfare | A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield. | 4 | |
| 375892581 | Woodrow Wilson | After World War I, this United States president sought to reduce the risk of war by writing the Fourteen Points that influenced the creation of the League of Nations. | 5 | |
| 375892582 | League of Nations | An international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations. | 6 | |
| 375892583 | Treaty of Versailles | The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after World War I, which demanded exorbitant reparations from Germany. | 7 | |
| 375892584 | Leon Trotsky | Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army. | 8 | |
| 375892585 | Sun Yat-sen | Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms. | 9 | |
| 375892586 | Goumindang | It's a combination of nationalism and some Marxism. It was primarily a nationalst party. | 10 | |
| 375892587 | Chiang Kai-shek | General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong. | 11 | |
| 375892588 | Theodore Herzl | Austrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. | 12 | |
| 375892589 | Influenza Epidemic | Killed almost 30 million worldwide, spread between military camps and to the urban population, stimulated research for vaccines and antibiotics. | 13 | |
| 375892590 | mandate system | Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, administered under League of Nations supervision. | 14 | |
| 375892591 | Albert Einstein | Physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity. | 15 | |
| 375892592 | Wright Brothers | Two brothers, Orville and Wilbur, who were responsible for the first flight of an airplane. | 16 | |
| 375892593 | Fourteen Points | A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. | 17 | |
| 375892594 | New Economic Policy | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended it and replaced it with Five-Year Plans. | 18 | |
| 375892595 | Triple Alliance | Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. | 19 | |
| 375892596 | Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia before WWI. | 20 | |
| 375892597 | Allies | The alliance of nations that fought the Axis Powers in World War II. Signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945. | 21 | |
| 375892598 | Central Powers | World War I, the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary. | 22 | |
| 375892599 | "Normalcy" | The way life was before WW I. | 23 | |
| 375892600 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | Was elected president of the US by an overwhelming majority in 1932, introduced the New Deal, and led the US through most of WWII. | 24 | |
| 375892601 | Joseph Stalin | Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR; strong nationalist view of Communism. Established series of Five-Year Plans to replace the New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivization. | 25 | |
| 375892602 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia, joined Germany in the Axis pact, and allied Italy with Germany in WWII. | 26 | |
| 375892603 | Adolph Hitler | Leader of the Nazi party in Germany; called his party the "Third Reich". Leader during WWII, started the Holocaust. | 27 | |
| 375892604 | Five Year Plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products. | 28 | |
| 375892605 | Fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition. | 29 | |
| 375892606 | Nazi Party | The political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933. | 30 | |
| 375892607 | appeasement | Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability. | 31 | |
| 375892608 | Mao Zedong | Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the Communist on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China. | 32 | |
| 375892609 | Long March | The 6,000-mile move of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek. | 33 | |
| 375892610 | Stalingrad | City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. Turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. | 34 | |
| 375892611 | Pearl Harbor | United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Attacked on December 7, 1941. | 35 | |
| 375892612 | Midway | Naval battle of World War II (June 1942). | 36 | |
| 375892613 | Hiroshima/Nagasaki | Nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman. | 37 | |
| 375892614 | Auschwitz | A Nazi concentration camp for Jews in southwestern Poland during World War II. | 38 | |
| 375892615 | Winston Churchill | 1874 to 1965; greatest wartime leader; rallied the British with his speeches, known for his "iron curtain" speech. | 39 | |
| 375892616 | Holocaust | A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. | 40 | |
| 375892617 | Sino-Japanese War | (1894-95) War fought between China and Japan. After Korea was opened to Japanese trade in 1876, it rapidly became an arena for rivalry between the expanding Japanese state and neighbouring China. | 41 | |
| 375892618 | El Alamein | Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces in 1942-1943. | 42 | |
| 375892619 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. | 43 | |
| 375892620 | Bengal | Region of northeastern India. It was the first part of India to be conquered by the British in the eighteenth century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the nineteenth century. | 44 | |
| 375892621 | All-India Muslim League | Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India's Muslim minority. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress. | 45 | |
| 375892622 | Mohandas K. Gandhi | Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920. | 46 | |
| 375892623 | Jawarharlal Nehru | A great Indian nationalist leader who worked for independence and social reform. Became the first prime minister. | 47 | |
| 375892624 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. Joined All-India Muslim League in 1913. | 48 | |
| 375892625 | Pakistan | A separate nation created for Muslims; was divided by land mass of India, into West and East. | 49 | |
| 375892626 | Blaise Diagne | Senegalese political leader. He was the first African elected to the French National Assembly. During World War I, in exchange for promises to give French citizenship to Senegalese, he helped recruit Africans to serve in the French army. | 50 | |
| 375892627 | African National Congress | An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. | 51 | |
| 375892628 | Haile Selassie | Emperor of Ethiopia and symbol of African independence. Fought Italian invasion and regained the throne during WWII. | 52 | |
| 375892629 | Haciendas | Large Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants. | 53 | |
| 375892630 | Emilio Zapata | Mexican revolutionary; he led the revold against Porfirio Diaz in south Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. | 54 | |
| 375892631 | "Poncho" Villa | 1914: led rural Mexican revolution attacking haciendas, fighting for working conditions, in northern Mexico | 55 | |
| 375892632 | Lazaro Cardenas | 1930's Mexican president; responsible for land redistribution, primarily created ejidos; also began program of primary and rural education. | 56 | |
| 375892633 | Hipolito Irigoyen | Argentinian politician, first president elected by male suffrage. Leader of radical party. | 57 | |
| 375892634 | Getulio Vargas | Dictator of Brazil. Overthrew government and created Estado Novo/New State, a dictator ship that emphasized industrialization. | 58 | |
| 375892635 | Juan Peron | President of Arentina. As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor. | 59 | |
| 375892636 | Eva Duarte Peron | Wifre of Juan and a gifted public speaker. Popular among the urban poor by providing social benefits. | 60 | |
| 375892637 | Cold War | A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. | 61 | |
| 375892638 | iron curtain | A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region. | 62 | |
| 375892639 | nonaligned nations | Developing countries that announced their neutrality in the Cold War. | 63 | |
| 375892640 | United Nations | An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security. | 64 | |
| 375892641 | World Bank | A United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments. | 65 | |
| 375892642 | Korean War | Conflict that began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations (primarily the United States) allying with South Korea and the People's Republic of China allying with North Korea. | 66 | |
| 375892643 | Vietnam War | A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Communists and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States | 67 | |
| 375892644 | Cuban Missle Crisis | Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over USSR's placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba. | 68 | |
| 375892645 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries. | 69 | |
| 375892646 | Warsaw Pact | Treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. | 70 | |
| 375892647 | Great Leap Forward | Economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society. | 71 | |
| 375892648 | Cultural Revolution | A radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard. | 72 | |
| 375892649 | Helsinki Accords | Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries. | 73 | |
| 375892650 | Marshall Plan | A plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism. | 74 | |
| 375892651 | OPEC | An organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum. | 75 | |
| 375892652 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. | 76 | |
| 375892653 | apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. | 77 | |
| 375892654 | Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba. | 78 | |
| 375892655 | Green Revolution | The development of highly productive crop strains and the use of modern agricultural techniques to increase yields of food crops. | 79 | |
| 375892656 | Nikita Khrushchev | Ruled the USSR, lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation. | 80 |
