Some vocabulary on Progressivism
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| 1857582459 | Louis Brandeis | 1st Jewish man to have a role in the supreme court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson | 0 | |
| 1857582460 | Warehouse Act | Signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, helped to control the prices of farm goods, early aim of populist party | 1 | |
| 1857582461 | Clayton Anti-Trust Act | Signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, 2nd anti-trust act, gave anti-trust movement more muscle | 2 | |
| 1857582462 | Meat Inspection Act | Signed into law in 1906 by Teddy Roosevelt, result of Roosevelt reading "The Jungle" and helped to regulate meat packing plants that had been totally unregulated before this point | 3 | |
| 1857582463 | Pure Food and Drug Act | Signed into law in 1906 by Teddy Roosevelt, required food and drug producers to label and tell consumers the ingredients that were in their products made it safer for consumers | 4 | |
| 1857582464 | William Howard Taft | (1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson | 5 | |
| 1857582465 | "Trust Buster" | Nick name given to Teddy Roosevelt because of his anti-trust agenda, dismantled 25 trusts during presidency including Swift's meat packing empire | 6 | |
| 1857582466 | Swift Meat Packing Industry | Major meat packing trust ran by Gustavus Swift, unsafe meat packing practices and industrial practices common to the times | 7 | |
| 1857582467 | Initiative and Referendum | Political reforms of the progressive era that allowed the people to vote an issue into local, state, and federal governments as an issue to be voted on by legislator | 8 | |
| 1857582468 | Recall | The power for the people to vote an elected official out of office if he does not fulfill the people's wishes | 9 | |
| 1857582469 | Tom Johnson | Mayor of Cleveland and on of the first "powerful" mayors who was actually able to clean up his city and begin the process of reform (clean water, sewage, electric) began a trend that many other mayors followed after | 10 | |
| 1857582470 | Wisconsin Plan | This plan out lined the main points of political reform for the progressivists, included municipal reform, direct election of senators, professional management of cities, etc. | 11 | |
| 1857582471 | Robert LaFollette | Senator from Wisconsin who headed the work on the Wisconsin Plan, progressivist | 12 | |
| 1857582472 | Upton Sinclair | Wrote a book called "The Jungle" that called attention to the horrors which were occurring inside the meat packing industry, led to reform and safety laws | 13 | |
| 1857582473 | Jane Addams | Established The Hull House in Chicago as a type of halfway house for immigrants that helped educate them, provided housing for them, and helped them to get jobs | 14 | |
| 1857582474 | Muckrakers | A group of progressive journalists who spearheaded the Progressive movement by writing about social injustices and evils of society that helped draw attention to the issues of the time | 15 | |
| 1857582475 | Lincoln Steffens | Muckraker who wrote about the horrible conditions in the poorer parts of cities, one of the first | 16 | |
| 1857582476 | Jacob Riis | Wrote a book about "the other half" of americans who lived in extreme poverty and held dangerous jobs, called attention to social issues | 17 | |
| 1857582477 | Ida Tarbell | Muckraker who exposed dirt on the Standard Oil Co. and their shady business practices and the conditions their employees were generally in | 18 | |
| 1857582478 | Populist Party | Or the "people's party" fought against big business and advocated for more government regulation, emerged in the election of 1892 | 19 | |
| 1857582479 | James Wever | Populist party's presidential nominee for the election of 1892 | 20 | |
| 1857582480 | Direct Election of US Senators | A part of the platform of the populist party, became law in 1913 with the 17th amendment | 21 | |
| 1857582481 | Income Tax | A part of the populist party platform to tax the rich more fairly, became law in 1913 with the 16th amendment | 22 | |
| 1857582482 | Federal Ownership of National Transportation, Subtreasury System, Silver Coinage | All of these were also apart of the populist party platform, although they did not become laws, they were implemented into our government to a certain degree | 23 | |
| 1857582483 | Prohibition | Became law in 1919 with the 18th amendment and it illegalized the creation or sale of alcoholic beverages | 24 | |
| 1857582484 | Gifford Pinchot | Teddy Roosevelt put this man in charge of the National Parks System | 25 | |
| 1857582485 | National Parks System | Established in 1916 by Teddy Roosevelt, has grown since then and includes the network of National Parks, National Monuments, and National Treasures across the country | 26 | |
| 1857582486 | Keating-Owen Act | This act outlawed child labor in 1916 | 27 | |
| 1857582487 | Carrie Catt | More conservative feminist leader, founded the National American Woman Suffrage Association, believed in gradual change | 28 | |
| 1857582488 | Alice Paul | More extreme feminist leader who led marches and picketing, more aggressive tactics that led to the eventual passing of the 19th amendment in 1920 | 29 | |
| 1857582489 | Margret Sanger | This woman advocated for the right for women to take birth control and avoid pregnancy, established Planned Parenthood | 30 | |
| 1857582490 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case which ruled "separate but equal" and opened the South up to segregation and racial inequity | 31 | |
| 1857582491 | Lynching | The unsanctioned, public murder of any person accused of a crime without a trial, common in the south during this time period, normally targeted blacks | 32 | |
| 1857582492 | Booker T. Washington | Black community leader who encouraged gradual self improvement which he believed would eventually lead to racial equality | 33 | |
| 1857582493 | W.E.B DuBois | Harvard educated black who believed that blacks should strive for equality NOW, founder of the Niagara Movement | 34 | |
| 1857582494 | Niagara Movement | Founded by W.E.B. DuBois and gave rise to a more radical racial improvement plan for blacks;1905 | 35 | |
| 1857582495 | NAACP | Founded by W.E.B. DuBois in 1910 in Harlem, largest racial equality organization, still around today, publishes magazine called "The Crisis" | 36 | |
| 1857582496 | year theodore roosevelt elected president | 1904 | 37 | |
| 1857582497 | federal income tax | A payroll deduction collected by employers by law and sent to the federal government to support governmental programs.16th ammendment | 38 | |
| 1857582498 | federal trade commission | (WW) 1914 , A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy, support antitrust suits | 39 | |
| 1857582499 | clayton antitrust act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act; New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions | 40 | |
| 1857582500 | Birth of a Nation | D.W. Griffith's film, 1915 | 41 | |
| 1857582501 | 18th ammendment | Prohibited the manufacture, sale and transport of alcoholic beverages; 1919 | 42 | |
| 1857582502 | 19th ammendment | Adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote | 43 | |
| 1857582503 | years progressive movement | 1900-1920 | 44 | |
| 1857582504 | Hepburn Act | This 1906 law strengthened ICC [pro farmer] | 45 | |
| 1857582505 | Mann Act | 1909- An act focused on reducing prostitution by prohibiting white slavery, and banning the interstate transport of females for "immoral purposes". | 46 | |
| 1857582506 | 16th ammendment | 1913- gave the right to tax people's income; more you make, the more you're taxed. | 47 | |
| 1857582507 | 17th ammendment | Passed by Congress in 1912 gave people a chance to vote for their senators directly instead of through state legislatures | 48 | |
| 1857582508 | upton sinclair | (TR) , muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things he had seen. | 49 | |
| 1857582509 | Frank Norris | Muckraker; wrote "The Octopus" (1901) that described the power of the railroads over Western farmers; McTeague, The Octopus, The Pit | 50 | |
| 1857582510 | Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize | 51 | |
| 1857582511 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added _his/her name_ Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. | 52 | |
| 1861379868 | progressives | A group of reformers who worked to solve problems caused by the rapid industrial urban growth of the late 1800s, reaction against laissez faire economics | 53 | |
| 1861379869 | Mc Clures,Colliers,Munsey's | magazines | 54 | |
| 1861379870 | Charles Edward Russell | in Everybodys magazine he attacked the beef industry | 55 | |
| 1861379871 | Fredrick W. Taylor | The Principles of Scientific Management talked about ideas of scientific management; 1911 | 56 | |
| 1861379872 | Commission plan | a city's gov would be divided into several departments, which would each be placed under the control of an expert commissioner. | 57 | |
| 1861379873 | Robert La Follette | "Mr. Progressive" Congressman and Senator of Wisconsin. He modeled state progressive reform. E was effective in publicizing progressivism nationwide. In 1911 he organized the National Progressive Republican League in an effort to liberalize the Republican Party. This league effectively split the Republican Party and resulted in the creation of the Progressive Party. | 58 | |
| 1861379874 | direct primary | all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election | 59 | |
| 1861379875 | initiative | Allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required legislature to vote on it. | 60 | |
| 1861379876 | legislation | A law or set of laws made by a government | 61 | |
| 1861379877 | referendum | allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval | 62 | |
| 1861379878 | American Woman Suffrage Association | best strategy was to convince state gov's to give women the right to vote before trying to ammend the constitution. | 63 | |
| 1861379879 | National American Woman Suffrage Association | Association Founded by Susan B. Anthony in 1890, this organization worked to secure women the right to vote. While some suffragists urged militant action, it stressed careful organization and peaceful lobbying. By 1920 it had nearly two million members. | 64 | |
| 1861379880 | John Spargo | The Bitter Cry of the Children,Journalist and novelist, he wrote of the unfair treatment of children used as child labor. Stressed better education, better schools and teachers. A muckraker novel. | 65 | |
| 1861379881 | Triangle Shirtwaist company | New York City; A clothing company's building that locked their doors in case of theft, had a fire exit that broke and one elevator exit. It caught on fire. 150 women and men died. | 66 | |
| 1861379882 | socialism | idea that the gov should own and operate industry for the community as a whole. | 67 | |
| 1861379883 | Square Deal | Progressive concept by Roosevelt that would help capital, labor, and the public. It called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. It denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trust-busting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good. | 68 | |
| 1861379884 | New York Sun' declared about roosevelt | "bringing wealth to its knees" retort by TR: "We draw the line against misconduct, not wealth" | 69 | |
| 1861379885 | Northern Securities | 1902., Roosevelt's legal attack on the ______; a railroad holding company owned by James Hill and J.P. Morgan. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt; the company was his first trust-bust. | 70 | |
| 1861379886 | United Mine Workers | A 1902 coal worker's strike called for an eight-hour work day and higher wages. Theodore Roosevelt stepped in and threatened the use of troops to settle the strike. It was the first time the government stepped in a labor dispute, but the result was improved conditions for the mine workers. | 71 | |
| 1861379887 | arbitration | a settlement imposed by an outside party | 72 | |
| 1861379888 | Bureau of Corporations | part of the Department of Labor created in 1903. The Bureau was given authority to investigate corporations and issue reports of their activities. By withholding information from the Bureau, Standard Oil became a target of Roosevelt and was eventually killed in 1911 | 73 | |
| 1861379889 | holding company | A central corporate body that bought up stock of various members of the trust and established a direct ownership of all the corporations in the trust; began in 1889 with new laws in NJ- Rockefeller moved Standard Oil to NJ when this consolidation technique was established | 74 | |
| 1861379890 | Expedition Act | sped up the handling of antitrust cases in the federal courts | 75 | |
| 1861379891 | Sherman Antitrust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions, 1890 - A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies, it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade. | 76 | |
| 1861379892 | Joseph G. Cannon | Speaker of the House who helped President Taft pass a tariff bill. | 77 | |
| 1861379893 | Nelson Aldrich | Rhode Island senator that supported high-tariffs during Taft's presidency | 78 | |
| 1861379894 | tariffs | A tax on imported goods; A tax on foreign goods to protect domestic industries and earn revenue. | 79 | |
| 1861379895 | Richard A. Ballinger | A conservative corporate lawyer who Taft chose to replace Roosevelt's secretary of the interior (James R. Garfield). Tried to make nearly a million acres of public forests and mineral reserves available for private development | 80 | |
| 1861379896 | syndicate | a business group, for personal profit | 81 | |
| 1861379897 | insubordination | disobedience | 82 | |
| 1861379898 | Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act | An act created by Nelson Aldrich who wanted to protect high tariffs. The act however hardly cut tariffs at all and raised them on some goods. "sold square deal down the river" | 83 | |
| 1861379899 | Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 | increased regulatory powers of ICC | 84 | |
| 1861379900 | Interstate commerce comission | Former independent agency of the U.S. government, established in 1887; it was charged with regulating the economics and services of specified carriers engaged in transportation between states. Surface transportation under the it's jurisdiction included railroads, trucking companies, bus lines, freight forwarders, water carriers, oil pipelines, transportation brokers, and express agencies. After his election in 1904, Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated support of progressive reforms by strengthening this. | 85 | |
| 1861379901 | Childrens Bureau | Investigated and publicized problems with child labor | 86 | |
| 1861379902 | Progressive Party | Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket. | 87 | |
| 1861379903 | Election of 1912 | Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win | 88 | |
| 1861379904 | New nationalism | 1912: Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency, it called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It also called for efficiency in government and society; it urged protection of children, women, and workers; accepted "good" trusts; and exalted the expert and the executive. Additionally, it encouraged large concentrations of capital and labor. | 89 | |
| 1861379905 | New Freedom | Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete. | 90 | |
| 1861379906 | Underwood Tariff | 1914, lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment. | 91 | |
| 1861379907 | Federal Trade Comission | promotes fair competition; prevents false/deceptive advertising; They had the power to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business | 92 | |
| 1861379908 | unfair trade practices | orders which hurt competition | 93 | |
| 1861379909 | Florence Kelly | an activist for the reform of factories and Chief Factory Inspector for Illinois(1893) | 94 | |
| 1861379910 | Frances Perkins | head fo the New York Consumers League(1910)and later secretary of labor under President Franklin Roosevelt(1933-1945) | 95 | |
| 1862959648 | Adamson Act | established the eight hour workday for railroad workers and provided for additional compensatiion for any time worked over eight hours 1916 | 96 | |
| 1862959649 | Federal Farm Loan act | 1916; created 12 federal land banks to provide farmers with long term loans at low interest rates. The act enabled small farmers to be more competitive with larger farms and businesses. | 97 | |
| 1862959650 | Anti Defamation league | 1913; lawyer sigmund livingston founded this to fight for civil liberties for jews and to protect jews against discrimination in housing, employment, and education | 98 | |
| 1862959651 | Newlands Reclamation act | 1902; roosevelt made this to authorize the use of funds from public land sales to apply for irrigation and land development projects. | 99 | |
| 1862959652 | Dr. W. H. Wiley | chief chemist at us dep of agriculture; found "embalmed meat" ( preservatives) | 100 | |
| 1862959653 | George Baer | owner of Coal factory | 101 | |
| 1862959654 | Dep of Commerce and Labor | 1903; roosevelt made this with bureau of corporations inside; made G. B. Cortelyou the first secretary | 102 | |
| 1862959655 | David Graham Philips | muckraker; described how money influenced the senate | 103 |
