Moloney's Unit 4 Test on Progressivism.
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| 567143686 | Who were the progressives? | -Was partly a reaction against laissez-faire economics and its emphasis on an unregulated market. -Many believed that industrialization & urbanization caused social problems. -Belonged to both political parties. -Most were urban, educated, & middle class. -Believed that government should take a more active role in solving societies problems. -Also thought they could improve society through science and technology. | |
| 567143687 | Muckrakers | -A group of crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption. -Used cheap newspapers & magazines to spread their ideas. -Uncovered corruption in many areas. Concentrated on exposing the unfair practices of large corporations. | |
| 567143688 | How were Progressives similar to Populists? | Both groups were focused on the good of the people. Progressives sought to fix social problems that urbanization and industrialization had caused. They doubted the government's ability to fix these problems and called for immediate reform. Populists were mostly agrarians, dissatisfied by high tariffs, and big business. | |
| 567143689 | Ida B. Wells | Launched a fearless crusade against lynching - hangings without proper court proceedings. Published a book in 1895 denouncing mob violence and demanding a fair trial by law. | |
| 567143690 | Mary Terrell | One of her friends died by lynching, so then she started a lifelong battle against lynching, racism, and sexism. Worked with women such as Jane Addams and Susan B. Anthony. Helped found the National Association of Colored Women & National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Also formed the Women Wage-Earner's Association, which assisted black nurses, waitresses, and domestic workers. Lead a boycott against department stores that refused to serve blacks. | |
| 567143691 | Booker T. Washington | Most famous black educator of the late 19th century. Proposed that blacks concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political ones. -> Atlanta Compromise, where he urged blacks to postpone the fight for civil rights and concentrate on preparing themselves educationally. | |
| 567143692 | W.E.B. Du Bois | Believed that blacks needed to insist upon equal treatment and voting rights. Also helped to found the Niagara Movement. No advantage in giving up civil rights. Must exercise voting rights. | |
| 567143693 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Mary Church Terrell helped found it. | |
| 567143694 | Limits of Progressivism | Its failure to address racial and religious discrimination. Jews also lived in fear of mob violence (Leo Frank). Anti Defamation League meant to combat those stereotypes. | |
| 567143695 | Jacob Riis | book "How the Other Half Lives." Published photos & descriptions of the poverty, disease, and crime that afflicted many immigrant neighborhoods in NYC. Raised public awareness for the problem. | |
| 567143696 | Prohibition Movement | Many progressives believed that alcohol explained many of society's problems. Started out as temperance movement-which advocated that people stop, then pressed for prohibition-laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol. | |
| 567143697 | Lincoln Steffens | NY reporter who launched a series of article that would later be called "The Shame of the Cities." Famous for investigating corruption in municipal government. Reported on vote stealing..etc. | |
| 567143698 | Robert La Follette | Wisconsin governor. Became a model of progressive reform. Attacked the way political parties ran their conventions. Also pressured state legislature to pass a law requiring parties to hold a direct primary. | |
| 567143699 | Direct Primary | In which all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election. | |
| 567143700 | Recall | Provided voters an option to demand a special election to remove an elected official from office before his or her term expired. | |
| 567143701 | Referendum | Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws directly without going to the legislature | |
| 567143702 | Initiative | Permitted a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it. | |
| 567143703 | 17th Amendment | Meant to counter Senate corruption. Called for the direct election of Senators by the state's voters. Intended to end corruption, and also remove one of the state legislatures' checks on federal power. | |
| 567143704 | Carrie Chapman Catt & NAWSA | National American Woman Suffrage Association. Carrie became it's leader. And also threw NAWSA's support behind Wilson's reelection campaign. | |
| 567143705 | Alice Paul & NWP | Women's National Party. Used to work for NAWSA, but was more radical, so she left. Her supporters picketed the white house..etc., | |
| 567143706 | 19th Amendment | Guaranteed women the right to vote. | |
| 567467994 | John Spargo | Muckraker. Book "The Bitter Cry of the Children", presented detailed evidence of child labor conditions. Reports like this convinced states to pass laws that set a minimum age for employment, and max hours...etc. | |
| 567467995 | Lochner v. New York | The court ruled that a new york law forbidding bakers to work more than 10 hours a day was unconstitutional. The state did not have the right to interfere with the liberty of employers and employees. | |
| 567467996 | Muller v. Oregon | The court upheld the state's right to limit hours. | |
| 567467997 | Children's Bureau | An agency that investigated and publicized the problems with child labor. | |
| 567467998 | Charles Russell | "Everybody's Magazine" , attacked the beef industry | |
| 567467999 | Ida Tarbell | Published a series of articles critical of the Standard Oil Company. | |
| 567468000 | Frederick Taylor | book "The Principles of Scientific Management" described how companies could increase efficiency by managing time, breaking tasks into small parts, and using standardized tools. Managing a modern city required the use of business management techniques. | |
| 567468001 | Sherman Antitrust Act | Prohibited combination or conspiracy in restraint of commerce in the U.S. Was poorly enforced. | |
| 567468002 | Interstate Commerce Commission | 1st federal law to regulate interstate commerce. Wasn't very effective. | |
| 567468003 | Hepburn Act | 1906. Intended to strengthen the ICC by letting it set railroad rates. | |
| 567468004 | Meat Inspection Act | Required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required Ag. department to set standards of cleanliness. | |
| 567468005 | Pure Drug & Food Act | Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs. | |
| 567468006 | 16th Amendment | Income tax. | |
| 567468007 | Payne-Aldrich Tariff | cut tariffs hardly at all and actually raised them on some goods. Passed by Taft. | |
| 567468008 | Underwood Tariff | Reduced the average tariff on imported goods. Provided for by levying an income tax - direct tax on people's earnings. | |
| 567468009 | Federal Reserve Act | Created 12 regional banks to be supervised by a board of governors. Indirectly controlling the interest rates of the entire nation and amount of money in circulation. | |
| 567468010 | Federal Trade Commission | Monitored american business, had the power to investigate companies, and issue "cease and desist" orders on companies engaging in unfair trade practices. | |
| 567468011 | Clayton Antitrust Act | Outlawed certain practices that restricted competition. | |
| 567468012 | Square Deal | Roosevelt's reform programs. | |
| 567468013 | New Nationalism | favored legislation to protect women and children in the labor forece and supported workers' compensation for those injured on the job. | |
| 567468014 | Roosevelt's Involvement in the Coal Strike | United Mine Workers launch a strike. Workers walked out..etc., coal prices went up. Roosevelt viewed it as another example of groups pursuing their private interests at the nation's expense. Roosevelt urged the union and owners to accept arbitration. Threatened to order the army to run the mines. Fearful, the mine owners accepted arbitration. | |
| 567468015 | Conservation | Roosevelt urged Americans to conserve their resources. | |
| 567468016 | Newlands Reclamation Act | authorized the use of fed funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects. | |
| 567468017 | Taft's Problems With Reelection | Roosevelt tried to replace him as the Repub. nominee. Woodrow Wilson, a democrat, won. | |
| 567468018 | New Freedom | Wilson. He believed that monopolies should be destroyed, not regulated. Freedom was more important than efficiency. | |
| 567468019 | Who opposed progressivism and why? | ... |
