Terms and definitions
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| 639981261 | Protists | A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus. | |
| 639981262 | Mixotrophs | An organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy | |
| 639981263 | Endosymbiosis | A process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells. | |
| 639981264 | Algae | eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun s energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves (singular, alga) | |
| 639981265 | Secondary endosymbiosis | a process in eukaryotic evolution in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell which survived in a symbiotic relationship inside the heterotrophic cell | |
| 639981266 | Excavata | One of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. Excavates have unique cytoskeletal features, and some species have an "excavated" feeding groove on one side of the cell body. See also Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. | |
| 639981267 | Diplomonads | a protist that has modified mitochondria, two equal-sized nuclei, and multiple flagella | |
| 639981268 | Parabasalids | A group of protistans, including the trichomonads, that lacks mitochondria. | |
| 639981269 | Euglenozoans | Member of a diverse clade of flagellated protists that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and pathogenic parasites. | |
| 639981270 | Kinetoplastids | a protist, such as trypanosome, that has a single large mitochondrion that houses an organized mass of DNA. | |
| 639981271 | Euglenid | A protist, such as Euglena or its relatives, characterized by an anterior pocket from which one or two flagella emerge. | |
| 639981272 | Chromalveolata | One of the five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. They may have originated from secondary endosymbiosis and include two large protist clades, the alveolates and stramenopiles. | |
| 639981273 | Alveolates | single-cellular, contain alveoli (mebrane bound sacs underneath plasma membrane. Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora. | |
| 639981274 | Dinoflagellates | a unicellular photosynthetic alga with two flagella situated in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plates covering the cell | |
| 639981275 | Apicomplexans | Animal-like protists that are parasites characterized by an apical complex which have complex life cycles | |
| 639981276 | Ciliates | a type of protozoa that moves using hairlike cilia | |
| 639981277 | Conjugation | in prokaryotes, algae, and fungi, a type of sexual reproduction in which two cells join temporarily to recombine nuclear material | |
| 639981278 | Stramenopiles | Clade of protists with "hairy" flagellum includes water molds, diatoms, and brown algae | |
| 639981279 | Diatoms | single-celled organisms. found in salt and fresh water. producers. make up a large percent of phytoplankton. cell walls contain cellulose and silica (frigid and glasslike). used in silver polish, toothpaste, filter and insulation | |
| 639981280 | Golden Algae | Typically unicellular, biflagellated, algae with yellow and brown carotene and xanthophyll accessory pigments. | |
| 639981281 | Brown Algae | One of a group of marine, multicellular, autotrophic protists, the most common type of seaweed. Brown algae include the kelps. | |
| 639981282 | Thallus | the body type of an algae, fungus, or plant that is not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves | |
| 639981283 | Holdfast | A complex branching structure that anchors many kinds of multicellular algae to the substrate. | |
| 639981284 | Stipe | Flattened stem-like structure in brown algae | |
| 639981285 | Blades | A leaflike structure of a seaweed that provides most of the surface area for photosynthesis. | |
| 639981286 | Alternation of generations | process in which many algae switch back and forth between haploid and diploid stages of their life cycles | |
| 639981287 | heteromorphic | Referring to a condition in the life cycle of plants and certain algae in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations differ in morphology. | |
| 639981288 | Isomorphic | Referring to alternating generations in plants and certain algae in which the sporophytes and gametophytes look alike, although they differ in chromosome number. | |
| 639981289 | Oomycetes | Funguslike protists that thrive on decaying organic matter in water and some plant parasites on land | |
| 639981290 | Rhizaria | One of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; a morphologically diverse protist clade that is defined by DNA similarities. See also Excavata, Chromalveolata, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta. | |
| 639981291 | Amoebas | an example of a Protist which moves using pseudopods; reproduces by mitosis; captures and digests food using food vacuoles | |
| 639981292 | Pseudopodia | ''false feet''; A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding. | |
| 639981293 | Radiolarians | mostly marine protists whose tests are fused into one delicate piece which is generally made of silica | |
| 639981294 | Foraminiferans | aquatic protists that secrete a hardened shell containing calcium carbonate and extend pseudopodia through pores in the shell | |
| 639981295 | Forams | A clade of Rhyzaria. Named for their porous shells called tests made of calcium carbonate. They have psuedopeda that extend through the pores. | |
| 639981296 | Tests | hardened shells of some protists, including forams and radiolarians | |
| 639981297 | Cercozoans | A clade that consists of most amoeboid and flagellated protists that feed with thread-like pseudopodia. | |
| 639981298 | Archaeplastida | One of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. This monophyletic group, which includes red algae, green alage, and land plants, descended from an ancient protist ancestor that engulfed a cyanobacterium. See also Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, and Unikonta. | |
| 639981299 | Red Algae | multicellular plant-like protist used to make ice cream and conditioner | |
| 639981300 | Green Algae | Photosynthetic protists that include unicellular, colonial, and multicellular species with grass green chloroplasts; closely related to true plants. |
