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PSYC 2301 Test- Motivation Flashcards

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2372349719Motivation1. Evolutionary Approach: Instincts 2. Drive Reduction Theory: Drives, needs, and homeostasis 3. Optimum Arousal Theory0
2372363287Drive Reduction Theory: Drives, needs, and homeostasis1. Drives: psychological arousal for needs (sensation of hunger) 2. Needs: physical dependency, deprivation (food, water, air, human contact, elimination, temperature regulations) 3. Homeostasis: bodily regulations to set back to a normal point (sweats)1
2373361743Biology of Hunger1. Gastric signals -Stomach contractions -Confirmed by research with victims of stomach cancer, it is actually the liver that triggers the hungry sensation (glucose sensor and brain sensor) 2. Blood chemistry -Glucose: smallest unit of carb -Insulin: break carb into fats for storage -Leptin: burn fat for energy 3. Glycemic index (how carbs being digested)2
2373367152Hunger and the Brain1. Controlled by Hypothalamus -Regulates several important bodily functions 2. Lateral hypothalamus: initiation of hunger and eating (start eating) 3. Ventromedial hypothalamus: cessation of hunger and eating (stop eating)3
2373379814Obesity and Eating Behavior1. Obesity Statistics 2. Biology of Overeating -Genetics: fat runs in family through eating habits -Set point: the weight you naturally settle down when finish eating -Age: metabolism slows down over age -body fat percentage:4
2373399110Dieting1. Monitoring caloric intake to either gain or lose weight 2. Good vs. bad weight loss strategies 3. Body Composition and Body Fat Percentage5
2373401541Eating Disorders1. Preoccupation with food and with body image 2. Includes: -Binge Eating Disorder -Bulimia Nervosa -Anorexia Nervosa (highest fatality rate)6
2373408552Binge Eating Disorder-characterized by compulsive overeating in which people consume huge amounts of food while feeling out of control and powerless to stop. -Unlike bulimia, there are no regular attempts to "make up" for the binges through vomiting, fasting, or over-exercising. -struggle with feelings of guilt, disgust, and depression.7
2373411137Bulimia Nervosa-People with bulimia may secretly binge — eating large amounts of food — and then purge, trying to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way. -For example, someone with bulimia may force vomiting or do excessive exercise. Sometimes people purge after eating only a small snack or a normal-size meal.8
2373411755Anorexia Nervosa (highest fatality rate)-characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight. -People with anorexia place a high value on controlling their weight and shape, using extreme efforts that tend to significantly interfere with activities in their lives. No matter how weight loss is achieved, the person with anorexia has an intense fear of gaining weight. -When you have anorexia, you often equate thinness with self-worth.9
2373428790Sexual Orientation1. Etiology of Sexual Orientation -Twin studies, brain differences, prenatal hormone/finger length -By default, predatory seduction, psychoanalytic theories have no data to support them 2. Discrimination and Acceptance -Marriage -Adoption and parenting -Cost differences10

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