Terms : Hide Images
| white light is an example of this mixing; works by adding wavelengths of light together | ||
| the color black is an example of this mixing; works by removing the visible wavelengths present | ||
| locating the source of a sound in space | ||
| stimuli that lie in the distance from your eye | ||
| the image that the eye actual senses | ||
| the point at which the optic nerves from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain | ||
| the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment | ||
| the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events | ||
| analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information | ||
| information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations | ||
| the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them | ||
| the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time | ||
| a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation. Assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue | ||
| below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. | ||
| diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation | ||
| conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses | ||
| the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission. | ||
| the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth | ||
| the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. | ||
| the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. | ||
| a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. | ||
| the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus | ||
| the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina | ||
| the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons hat begin the processing of visual informaiton | ||
| the sharpness of vision | ||
| a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects, because distant objects focus in front of the retina. | ||
| a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina. | ||
| retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond | ||
| receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. the cones detect fine details and give rise to color sensations. | ||
| the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain | ||
| the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there | ||
| the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. | ||
| nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. | ||
| the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. | ||
| the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. | ||
| the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. | ||
| perceiving familiar objects are having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. | ||
| the sense of hearing | ||
| the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time | ||
| a tone's highness or lowness depends on frequency | ||
| the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. | ||
| the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. | ||
| a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. | ||
| in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulatedl | ||
| in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tome, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. | ||
| hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea | ||
| hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. | ||
| the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. | ||
| the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. | ||
| the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. | ||
| the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect. | ||
| the tendency of vision to dominate other senses | ||
| an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. | ||
| the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings | ||
| the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. | ||
| the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance. | ||
| a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals | ||
| depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes. | ||
| distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap, available to either eye alone. | ||
| a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object. | ||
| a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. | ||
| an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession. | ||
| perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change. | ||
| a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. | ||
| a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors. | ||
| the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition. | ||
| the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis |
