psych notecards
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| 456118494 | Empiricism | medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings | |
| 456118495 | Structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind | |
| 456118496 | Functionalism | a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment | |
| 456118497 | Experimental Psychology | the branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues | |
| 456118498 | Behaviorism | an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior | |
| 456118499 | Humanistic Psychology | emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth | |
| 456118500 | Cognitive Psychology | an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes | |
| 456118501 | Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes | |
| 456118502 | Nature-Nurture | Name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior | |
| 456118503 | Natural Selection | a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | |
| 456118504 | Levels of Analysis | Psychologists analyze behavior and mental processes from differing complementary views | |
| 456118505 | Biopsychosocial Approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | |
| 456118506 | Biological Psychology | a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior | |
| 456118507 | Evolutionary Psychology | the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection | |
| 456118508 | Cognitive Psychology | an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes | |
| 456118509 | Social-Culture Psychology | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking | |
| 456118510 | Psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits | |
| 456118511 | Basic Research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base | |
| 456118512 | Developmental Psychology | the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children | |
| 456118513 | Educational Psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning | |
| 456118514 | Personality Psychology | the branch of psychology that examines individual differences and the characteristics that make each person unique | |
| 456118515 | Social Psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | |
| 456118516 | Applied Research | research undertaken to solve pragmatic problems | |
| 456118517 | Industrial-Organizational Psychology | Application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings | |
| 456118518 | Human Factors Psychology | the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments | |
| 456118519 | Counseling Psychology | the branch of psychology that helps people cope with challenges in their daily lives | |
| 456118520 | Clinical Psychology | the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mental activity and behavior | |
| 456118521 | Psychiatry | A medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders | |
| 456118522 | SQ3R | A study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review | |
| 456118523 | Hindsight Bias | the tendency, after an event occurs, to overestimate the likelihood that an event could have been predicted | |
| 456118524 | Critical Thinking | involves using knowledge and thinking skills to evaluate evidence and explanations | |
| 456118525 | Theory | a belief that can guide behavior | |
| 456118526 | Hypothesis | a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations | |
| 456118527 | Operational Definition | a description of a property in concrete, measurable terms | |
| 456118528 | Replication | the act of making copies | |
| 456118529 | Case Study | a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view | |
| 456118530 | Survey | a detailed critical inspection | |
| 456118531 | Population | a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area | |
| 456118532 | Random Sample | a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected | |
| 456118533 | Naturalistic Observation | Research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering | |
| 456118534 | Correlation | a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary | |
| 456118535 | Correlational Coefficient | A measurement of the degree to which two variables are related | |
| 456118536 | Scatterplot | A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables | |
| 456118537 | Illusory Correlation | perceived corellation that doesnt really exist...line is long because i switched to it | |
| 456118538 | Experiment | the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation | |
| 456118539 | Random Assignment | each subject of the sample has an equal likelihood of being chosen for the experimental group of an experiment | |
| 456118540 | Double-Blind Procedure | A research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups. | |
| 456118541 | Placebo Effect | any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo | |
| 456118542 | Experimental Group | Subjects in an experiment to whom the independent variable is administered | |
| 456118543 | Control Group | The group that does not receive the experimental treatment. | |
| 456118544 | Independent Variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied | |
| 456118545 | Confounding Variable | extraneous factor that interferes with the action of the independent variable on the dependent variable | |
| 456118546 | Dependent Variable | variable that changes as a result of a change in the independent variable | |
| 456118547 | Mode | the most frequent value of a random variable | |
| 456118548 | Mean | an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n | |
| 456118549 | Median | The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order | |
| 456118550 | Range | the limits of the values a function can take | |
| 456118551 | Standard Deviation | a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score | |
| 456118552 | Normal Curve | a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution | |
| 456118553 | Statistical Significance | The condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low. | |
| 456118554 | Culture | all the knowledge and values shared by a society | |
| 456118555 | Informed Consent | consent by a patient to undergo an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved | |
| 456118556 | Debriefing | giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed | |
| 456118557 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes from sensory experiences | |
| 456118558 | Francis Bacon | developed scientific method | |
| 456118559 | Mary Whiton Calkins | American psychologist who conducted research on memory, personality, and dreams; first woman president of the American Psychological Association | |
| 456118560 | Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection | |
| 456118561 | Rene Descartes | French nativist philosopher; proponent of dualism; argued that "threads" within the body control movement, and that some behaviors occur without thought | |
| 456118562 | Dorothea Dix | Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums | |
| 456118563 | Sigmund Freud | Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis | |
| 456118564 | G. Stanley Hall | american psycholgist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the united states and founded the american psychological association | |
| 456118565 | William James | founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment | |
| 456118566 | John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | |
| 456118567 | Abraham Maslow | humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth | |
| 456118568 | Ivan Pavlov | a Russian researcher in the early 1900s who was the first research into learned behavior (conditioning) who discovered classical conditioning | |
| 456118569 | Jean Piaget | Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children | |
| 456118570 | Plato | greek philosopher; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside the material world | |
| 456118571 | Rosalie Raynor | Female pyshcologist who worked with Watson | |
| 456118572 | Carl Rogers | United States psychologist who developed client-centered therapy | |
| 456118573 | B.F. Skinner | behaviorism; pioneer in operant conditioning; behavior is based on an organism's reinforcement history | |
| 456118574 | Socrates | philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method | |
| 456118575 | E.B. Titchener | Founder of structuralism | |
| 456118576 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA | |
| 456118577 | John B. Watson | Founder of behaviorism | |
| 456118578 | Wilhelm Wundt | German physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 | |
| 456118579 | Kenneth and Mamie Clark | Used dolls to study children's attitude towards race. Their findings were used in the Brown vs. Board trial | |
| 456118580 | James Randi | magician exemplifies skepticism. He has tested and debunked a variety of psychic phenomena | |
| 456118581 | Daniel Kahneman | Notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, behavioral economics and hedonistic psychology |
