Vocabulary Ch. 1
Terms : Hide Images
| 196744783 | Experimental Psychology | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method | |
| 196744784 | Behaviorism | The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2. | |
| 196744785 | Humanistic Psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. | |
| 196744786 | Cognitive Neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language). | |
| 196744787 | Levels of Analysis | The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. | |
| 196744788 | Biophysical Approach | An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social culture levels of analysis. | |
| 196744789 | Psychodynamic Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies how the unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders. | |
| 196763595 | Behavioral Psychology | The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning. | |
| 196763596 | Cognitive Psychology | The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | |
| 196763597 | Social-Cultural Psychology | The study of how situations and cultures affect out behavior and thinking. | |
| 196763598 | Psychometrics | The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. | |
| 196763599 | Developmental Psychology | The scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. | |
| 196763600 | Educational Psychology | The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning. | |
| 196763601 | Personality Psychology | The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. | |
| 196763602 | Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. | |
| 196763603 | Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. | |
| 196763604 | SQ3R | By Robinson in 1970. 1) Survey 2) Question 3) Read 4) Rehearse 5) Review | |
| 197432724 | Functionalism | A school of psychology focused on how mental an behavioral process function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. | |
| 197432725 | Psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes | |
| 197432726 | Natural Selection | The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations those that lead to increases reproduction and survival will most likely passed in to the succeeding generations. | |
| 197432727 | Basic Research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. | |
| 197432728 | Applied Research | Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. | |
| 197432729 | Clinical Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. | |
| 197432730 | Psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physician who sometimes provide medical (drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy. | |
| 197432731 | Hindsight Bias | The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon). | |
| 197432732 | Critical Thinking | Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather its examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. | |
| 197432733 | Theory | An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations. | |
| 197432734 | Hypothesis | A testable prediction often implied by a theory. | |
| 197432735 | Operational Definition | A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, "intelligence" may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. | |
| 197432736 | Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. | |
| 197432737 | Case Study | An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles. | |
| 197432738 | Survey | A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them. | |
| 197432739 | False Consensus Effect | The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. | |
| 197432740 | Population | All cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. | |
| 197432741 | Random Sampling | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. | |
| 197432742 | Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. | |
| 197432743 | Correlation Coefficient | A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. | |
| 197432744 | Scatterplot | A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of relationship between two variables. The amount scatter suggests the strength of the correlation. | |
| 197432745 | Illusory Correlation | The perception of a relationship where none exists. | |
| 197432746 | Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more of the factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experiment controls other relevant factors. | |
| 197432747 | Double-Blind Procedure | An experiment procedure in which both the research participants and the staff are ignorant about whether the research have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies. | |
| 197432748 | Placebo Effect | Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent. | |
| 197432749 | Experimental Condition | The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. | |
| 197432750 | Control Condition | The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. | |
| 197432751 | Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. | |
| 197432752 | Independent Variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. | |
| 197432753 | Dependent Variable | The experimental factor - in psych, the mental behavior or mental process - that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulators of the independent variables. | |
| 197432754 | Mode | The most frequently occurring score in a distribution. | |
| 197432755 | Mean | The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. | |
| 197432756 | Median | The middle score in a distribution; half the scores one above it and half are below it. | |
| 197432757 | Range | The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. | |
| 197432758 | Standard Deviation | A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. | |
| 197432759 | Statistical Significance | A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. | |
| 197432760 | Culture | The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
