Unit 1 Vocab
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| 592331342 | Structuralism Theory | Theory that sought to map out the basic elements of consciousness | |
| 592331343 | Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic Theory | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions | |
| 592331344 | Psychiatrist | medical doctor who has specialized in treating psychological disorders | |
| 592331345 | Ph.D | Type of degree held by Psychologists | |
| 592331346 | Sociocultural Theory | Approach placing more emphasis on group pressures and cultural norms in determining our behavior | |
| 592331347 | Carl Rogers | Founded Humanist Psychology emphasizing personal-growth and client-centered therapy | |
| 592331348 | Wilhelm Wundt | Wanted to unite brain physiology and philosophy into a new discipline called psychology | |
| 592331349 | B.F. Skinner | took behaviorism to a new level and claimed there is no free will since environment determines everything | |
| 592331350 | Gestalt Theory | approach that found the whole to be greater than its parts when one comprehends optical illusions | |
| 592331351 | Sigmund Freud | Austrian who invented psychoanalysis and emphasized psycho sexual conflicts childhood | |
| 592331352 | Introspection | "looking inward" to understand the processes of conscious thought | |
| 592331353 | Cognitive Theory | thought, memory, language, intelligence, logic, information-processing | |
| 592331354 | Functionalism Theory | Theory that wanted to make psychology practical in work and school environments | |
| 592331355 | Evolutionary/Sociobiological Theory | approach that views our personality traits as inherited from our ancestors | |
| 592331356 | Biomedical Theory | Approach emphasizing brain-body interactions and neurochemical imbalances | |
| 592331357 | empiricism | aspect of science in which knowledge is acquired only through observation | |
| 592331358 | Behaviorism Theory | conditioning, learning, observable behavior, environment is everything | |
| 592331359 | Stanley Hall | Founder of American Psychological Association (APA) | |
| 592331360 | Roger Sperry | scientist who won a Nobel Prize for work with split brain patients | |
| 592331361 | Laboratory | Wundt opened the first laboratory to study structures of consciousness | |
| 592331362 | consciousness | main focus of Structuralists, Functionalists, and Gestalt Psychologists | |
| 592331363 | Counselor | Type of Psychologist that helps everyday problems like stress or divorce | |
| 592331364 | Clinical Psychologist | Type of psychologist who diagnoses and treats severe mental disorders | |
| 592331365 | William Jones | Functionalist who asserted that consciousness flows and wrote a major book in psychology | |
| 592331366 | Watson | Taught little Albert to fear white mouse by manipulating his environment | |
| 592331367 | Humanist Theory | Theory that sees humans and distinct animals and emphasizes each individual's unique potential | |
| 592331368 | Ivan Pavlov | Conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a tone without presence of food | |
| 592331369 | Inferential | statistics that interpret data, draw conclusions and may be generalized to the overall population | |
| 592331370 | Double-Blind procedure | used to avoid bias on part of researcher | |
| 592331371 | Expiremental group | group that receives crucial part of expirement | |
| 592331372 | Extraneous Variable | Variables that distort results of an expirement | |
| 592331373 | Expirement | research method in which variables are highly controlled | |
| 592331374 | Sampling Bias | when a group of subjects is not an accurate representation of its larger population | |
| 592331375 | Standard Deviation | Used to indicate how much particular scores vary above or below the mean score | |
| 592331376 | Placebo | a fake variable sometimes given to the control group | |
| 592331377 | Survey | research method that obtains a wide breadth of info from many subjects rather than in depth info | |
| 592331378 | independent variable | variable that is the crucial part of the experiment and is manipulated to see how subjects respond to it | |
| 592331379 | control group | group that does not receive crucial part of experiment so that a comparison may be made | |
| 592331380 | median | measure of central tendency that is the middle score | |
| 592331381 | Dependent Variable | variable measured as a response to the crucial part of the experiment | |
| 592331382 | Descriptive | statistics that summarize data collected from research | |
| 592331383 | case study | type of study that is an in-depth look into an individual subject | |
| 592331384 | response-set | tendency to respond in a particular way w/o considering the survey questions | |
| 592331385 | naturalistic observation | observation in which subjects are unaware they are being investigated | |
| 592331386 | Correlation Coefficient | determines the strength of a relationship between 2 variables from -1.00 - +1.00. 0 means no relationship. | |
| 592331387 | Sample | group of subjects that represent large population | |
| 592331388 | experimenter bias | when researcher's expectations distort outcome of research | |
| 592331389 | mode | measure of central tendency that is the most frequently occurring score | |
| 592331390 | mean | average measure of central tendency | |
| 592331391 | random assignment | assignment of subjects so all have equal probability of being in experimental or control group | |
| 592331392 | Effort justification | when we convince ourselves that something is better than it really is to justify our work we put in | |
| 592331393 | Anxious-Ambivalent Attatchment | Love/hate relationship, insecure relationships | |
| 592331394 | Avoidant Attachment | attachment style that led to difficulty committing to relationships later in life | |
| 592331395 | lowball | sales tactic when one is hooked by a "bargain" before hidden costs are revealed | |
| 592331396 | Person Perception Theory | Idea that our actions dictate our attitudes rather than the other way around | |
| 592331397 | Obedience | Milgram became famous for his studies on this (shock obedience study) | |
| 592331398 | foot-in-the-door tactic | asking for a small favor until larger one is granted | |
| 592331399 | defensive attribution | explaining someone else's errors as due to internal factors so as to give yourself a sense of security | |
| 592331400 | Hind-Sight Bias | when reinterpreting the past to fit our awareness of how events really turned out | |
| 592331401 | Cognitive Dissonance | discomfort resulting when 2 thoughts are in conflict or our thoughts don't match our actions | |
| 592331402 | Social Schema | a stereotype is an example of a category of though called Social Schema | |
| 592331403 | Internal Attribution | attribution in which one explains behavior in terms of personal dispositions | |
| 592331404 | Risky-Shift Phenomenon | Tendency for a group to arrive at bolder decisions than an individual might have | |
| 592331405 | Deindividuation | loss of sense of individuality due to group involvement | |
| 592331406 | Conformity | Solomon Asch became famous for conformity studies (card and picture) | |
| 592331407 | Illusory Correlation | correlation that occurs when 1 finds examples that confirm an erroneous belief and overlook examples that would disconfirm it | |
| 592331408 | Fundamental Attribution Error | Tendency for us to explain someone's behavior solely in terms of their internal characteristics | |
| 592331409 | Social Loafing | the more people get involved in a task the less effort is put forth by the individuals | |
| 592331410 | Pygmalion Effect | effect that occurs when a false expectation of someone else influences them to fulfill those expectations | |
| 592331411 | External Attribution | Explaining behavior in terms of situational factors | |
| 592331412 | Diffusion of Responsibility | When an individual feels less accountable for his own actions in larger groups | |
| 592331413 | Secure Attachment | style of attachment where infants with this developed healthier relationships later | |
| 592331414 | group polarization | The longer a group of like-minded people discuss an issue, the more extreme their views become | |
| 592331415 | Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | due to the pygmalion effect, when one fulfills their expectations | |
| 592331416 | Frequency Distribution | statistical approach in which one organizes data according to how often a score falls within a certain range | |
| 592331417 | Bell Curve | hypothetical model for comparing traits, normal scores are in the middle | |
| 592331418 | cross-sectional study | study that uses people of different groups and ages |
