Terms : Hide Images
| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list | ||
| the tendency to show greater memory for information that comes first in a sequence. | ||
| the tendency to show greater memory for information that comes last in a sequence. | ||
| combining two or more items, organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically | ||
| apparent memory of an event that did not actually happen | ||
| Three Types of Memory | ||
| FIRST stage--the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system--eye=1/4 second, ear=3 seconds | ||
| SECOND stage--selects information from sensory memory and connects it with items already stored in long term memory--20 seconds...encodes memory | ||
| LAST stage--the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences--ininite time and infinite items | ||
| the processing of information into the memory system | ||
| theory that recall of information is based on how deeply it is processed (Craik and Lockhart) | ||
| encoding the structure of a word or information; stored based on visual codes (most shallow level of processing) | ||
| encoding that emphasizes what a word sounds like | ||
| encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words | ||
| bringing information from long term memory back to short term memory to work with | ||
| stimuli that aid the recall or recognition of information stored in memory | ||
| retrieval of information with few to no clues | ||
| retrieval of information with many and/or strong cues | ||
| the theory that information learned in a particular state of mind (e.g., depressed, happy, somber) is more easily recalled when in that same state of mind. | ||
| the theory that information can be better retrieved when in a similiar location | ||
| caused by decay, interference, or inability to access (retrieve) information | ||
| theory that each item in memory decays spontaneously as time passes | ||
| theory that forgetting is caused by information getting mixed up by other information | ||
| memory failures occur when the proper retrieval cues are not available | ||
| failure to process information into long term memory | ||
| in order for memories to be permanently stored in long term memory, a certain amount of time has to pass without disruptions (seizures, blow to head, etc.) for them to be firmly implanted | ||
| loss of memory for events prior to disruption (alcoholic) | ||
| loss of memory for events occuring after disruption (Dory from Finding Nemo) | ||
| occurs when frightening, traumatic events are forgotten because people purposed suppress them | ||
| persuasive but flawed memory recall subjected to interpretation by the person reporting it; due to the witness's distractions, stereotypes, and the "misinformation effect" | ||
| a method or system for improving the memory | ||
| type of long term memory where OUR facts and OUR events are stored | ||
| type of long term memory for events and situations in the world | ||
| type of long term memory where a subject is able to cite as being a memory of a particular event | ||
| type of long term memory where you can remember information from the past |
