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| 6229361725 | personality | an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving | 0 | |
| 6229365472 | personality theory | an attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different and why every individual is unique | 1 | |
| 6229372428 | psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development | 2 | |
| 6229383557 | Freud's Dynamic Theory of Personality | personality and behavior the result of a constant interplay among conflicting psychological forces which operate at 3 different levels of awareness: the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. | 3 | |
| 6229390042 | preconscious | contains information that you're not currently aware of but can easily bring to conscious awareness such as memories of recent event or your street address | 4 | |
| 6229395132 | unconscious | in Freud's theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness | 5 | |
| 6229398660 | free association | a psychoanalytical technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings and mental images that arise, revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions. | 6 | |
| 6229403445 | id | Latin word for it-in Freud's theory the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives, ruled by the pleasure principle | 7 | |
| 6229410210 | eros | the self-preservation or life instinct, reflected in the expression of basic biological urges that perpetuate the existence of the individual and the species | 8 | |
| 6229439699 | libido | the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality, the sex drive | 9 | |
| 6229441994 | Thanatos | the death instinct, reflected in aggressive , destructive and self-destructive actions | 10 | |
| 6229444989 | pleasure principle | the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort, the most fundamental human motive and the guiding principle of the id | 11 | |
| 6229448471 | ego | Latin for I- in Freud's theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior, and is most in touch with the demands of the external world. | 12 | |
| 6229455079 | reality principle | the capacity to accommodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist | 13 | |
| 6229458755 | superego | in Freud's theory-the partly conscious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules | 14 | |
| 6229476247 | ego defense mechanisms | largely unconscious distortions or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety | 15 | |
| 6229482023 | repression | the unconscious exclusion of anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings and memories from conscious awareness, the most fundamental ego defense mechanism | 16 | |
| 6229488498 | displacement | the ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous | 17 | |
| 6229492691 | sublimation | an ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, nonsexual activities, a form of displacement | 18 | |
| 6229499838 | psychosexual stages | in Freud's theory-age-related development periods in which the child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas (Birth-1yr=oral, 1-3=anal, 3-6=phallic, 7-11=latency, adolescence=gential) | 19 | |
| 6229513837 | Oedipus complex | in Freud's theory-a child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings toward the same-sex parent | 20 | |
| 6229518102 | identification | in psychoanalytic theory-an ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of another person | 21 | |
| 6231305709 | collective unconscious | in Jung's theory-the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas- contained in collective unconscious are archetypes(the mental images of universal human instincts, themes and preoccupations) | 22 | |
| 6231308502 | archetypes | in Jung's theory-the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious | 23 | |
| 6231316675 | Carl Jung | believed that people are motivated by a more general psychological energy that pushes them to achieve psychological growth, self-realization, and psychic wholeness and harmony. He also believed that the personality continues to develop in significant ways throughout the lifespan. | 24 | |
| 6231316676 | Karen Horney | importance of cultural and social factors in personality development. Importance of social relationships, especially the parent-child relationship in the development of personality-disturbances in in human relationships were the cause of psychological problems | 25 | |
| 6231317706 | Afred Adler | the most fundamental human motive is striving for superiority-the desire to improve oneself, master challenges and move toward self-perfection and self-realization | 26 | |
| 6231320992 | Sigmund Freud | saw personality and behavior as the result of a constant interplay among conflicting psychological forces- these forces operate at 3 different levels of awareness: the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious | 27 | |
| 6231383705 | humanistic psychology | (theory of personality) - the theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept and healthy personality development | 28 | |
| 6231414265 | actualizing tendency | in Roger's theory-the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism | 29 | |
| 6231416457 | self-concept | the set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself | 30 | |
| 6231418394 | Carl Rogers | most basic human motive is the actualizing tendency: the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism. All other human motives, whether biological or social are secondary | 31 | |
| 6231432830 | unconditional positive regard | in Roger's theory-sense of being unconditionally loved and valued, even if you don't conform to the standards and expectations of others | 32 | |
| 6231439460 | conditional positive regard | in Roger's theory-the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others-conditional love or acceptance | 33 | |
| 6231444812 | social cognitive theory | Albert Bandura's theory of personality-emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs and reciprocal determinism | 34 | |
| 6231448139 | Albert Bandura | people learn many behaviors by observing and then imitating the behavior of other people. People don't merely observe the actions of others, they observe the consequences that follow the actions and the rules and standards that apply to behavior in specific situations and the way people regulate their own behavior. | 35 | |
| 6231454988 | reciprocal determinism | a model proposed by Albert Bandura that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive and environmental factors | 36 | |
| 6231479770 | self-efficacy | the beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation- feelings of self-confidence | 37 | |
| 6231506455 | trait | a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way | 38 | |
| 6231506456 | trait theory | a theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions | 39 | |
| 6231508309 | surface traits | personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior | 40 | |
| 6231511018 | source traits | the most fundamental dimensions of personality, the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number | 41 | |
| 6231518373 | Raymond Cattell | 16 personality factors represent the essential source traits of human personality. He developed a personality test -the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire | 42 | |
| 6231529087 | Hans Eysenck | his theory of personality types has 4 basic personality types: each type represents a combination of 2 basic personality dimensions: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-emotional stability. | 43 | |
| 6231529895 | 5 factor model of personality (Big 5) | a trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience as the fundamental building blocks of personality | 44 | |
| 6231544934 | behavioral genetics | an interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior | 45 | |
| 6231621878 | psychological test | a test that assesses a person's abilities, aptitudes, interests or personality on the basis of a systematically obtained sample of behavior | 46 | |
| 6231631653 | projective test | a type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image, used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses and personality traits | 47 | |
| 6231637581 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | a projective test using inkblots, developed by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach in 1921 | 48 | |
| 6231640803 | graphology | a pseudoscience test that claims to assess personality, social and occupational tributes based on a person's distinctive handwriting, doodles and drawing style | 49 | |
| 6231647670 | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | a projective personality test developed by Henry Murray and colleagues that involves creating stories about ambiguous scenes | 50 | |
| 6231651893 | self-report inventory | a type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are compared to established norms | 51 | |
| 6231658406 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | a self report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders, used to assess both normal and disturbed populations | 52 | |
| 6231665331 | California Psychological Inventory (CPI) | a self report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations | 53 | |
| 6231670540 | 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) | a self-report inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that generates a personality profile with ratings on 16 trait dimensions | 54 | |
| 6346063258 | Horney disagreed with Freud about | the interpretation of female development, especially his notion that women suffer from penis envy-She said it was their superior status in society not their penis. | 55 | |
| 6349676104 | social cognitive theory of personality | people actively process information from their social experiences. This information influences their goals, expectations, beliefs and behavior as well as the specific environments they choose. Social cognitive personality theorists rely heavily on experimental findings, it emphasizes conscious, self-regulated behavior rather than unconscious mental influences and instinctual drives and it emphasizes that our sense of self can vary, depending on our thoughts, feelings and behaviors in a given situation. | 56 | |
| 6349697230 | Manifest Content vs. Latent Content of Dreams | Relates to interpretation of dreams: manifest content=beneath the surface images of a dream. Latent content=the true, hidden, unconscious meaning that is disguised in the dream symbols | 57 | |
| 6349784792 | Adler Inferiority and Superiority | most fundamental human motive is striving for superiority: the desire to improve oneself, master challenges and move toward self -perfection and self-realization. Inferiority -universal feelings experienced during infancy and childhood when the child is helpless and dependent on others. These feelings motivate people to compensate for their real or imagined weaknesses by emphasizing their talents and abilities and by working hard to improve themselves. When people unable to compensate for specific weaknesses or when their feelings of inferiority are excessive=inferiority complex=general sense of inadequacy, weakness and helplessness. People can overcompensate for their feelings of inferiority and develop a superiority complex=exaggerating one's accomplishments and importance in an effort to cover up weaknesses and denying the reality of one's limitations. | 58 | |
| 6349824763 | Strengths of Personality Inventories | Standardization and use of established norms. Each person receives the same instructions and responds to the same items. The results are objectively scored and compared to norms established by previous research. | 59 | |
| 6349832255 | Weaknesses of Personality Inventories | There is evidence that people can fake responses and answer in socially desirable ways. Some people are prone to responding in a set way. (The tests can be long and people may lose interest in carefully choosing the most appropriate response-like always choosing #b) | 60 | |
| 6349887158 | defense mechanisms | repression=unconscious forgetting. displacement=when emotional impulses are redirected to a substitute object or person, usually one less threatening or dangerous than the original source of conflict. sublimation=channels sexual urges into productive, socially acceptable, non-sexual activities. | 61 |
