Terms : Hide Images
| 1001323909 | classical conditioning | learning that one stimulus signals the arrival of another stimulus. | |
| 1001323910 | reflex | a stimulus response pair in which the stimulus automatically elicits the response. | |
| 1001323911 | unconditioned stimulus | the stimulus in a reflex that automatically elicits an unconditioned response. | |
| 1001323912 | unconditioned response | the response in a reflex that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus . | |
| 1001323913 | conditioned stimulus | the stimulus that comes to elicit a new response (the conditioned response) in classical conditioning. | |
| 1001323914 | conditioned response | the response that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning. | |
| 1001323915 | delayed conditiong | a classical conditioned procedure in which the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus and remains present until after the unconditioned stimulus is presented so that the two stimulus occur together | |
| 1001323916 | trace conditioning | a classical conditioning procedure in which the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus but is removed before the unconditioned stimulus is presented so the two stimuli do not occur together. | |
| 1001323917 | acquisition (in classical conditioning) | (in classical conditioning) acquiring a new response ( the conditioned response) to the conditioned stimulus. | |
| 1001323918 | extinction (in classical conditioning) | (in classical conditioning) the diminishing of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus. | |
| 1001323919 | spontaneous recovery (in classical conditioning) | (in classical conditioning) a partial recovery in strength of the conditioned response following a break during extinction training. | |
| 1001323920 | stimulus generalization (in classical conditioning) | (in classical conditioning) the elicitation of the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. The more similar the stimulus is to the conditioned stimulus, the stronger the response. | |
| 1001323921 | stimulus discrimination (in classical conditioning) | (in classical conditioning) the elicitation of the conditioned response only by the conditioned stimulus or only by a small set of highly similar stimuli that includes of conditioned stimulus. | |
| 1001323922 | operant conditiong | learning to associate behaviors with their consequences. Behaviors that are reinforced (lead to satisfying consequences) will be strengthened, and behaviors that are punished (lead to unsatisfying consequences will be weakened. | |
| 1001323923 | law of effect | a principle developed by Edward Thorndike that says any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tend to be repeated and that any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends not to be repeated. | |
| 1001323924 | reinforcer | a stimulus that increases the probability of a prior response | |
| 1001323925 | punisher | a stimulus that decreases the probability of a prior response. | |
| 1001323926 | reinforcement | the process by which the probability of a response is increased by the presentation of a reinforcer. | |
| 1001323927 | punishment | the process by which the probability of a response is decreased by the presentation of a punisher. | |
| 1001323928 | appetitive stimuus | a stimulus that is pleasant | |
| 1001323929 | aversive stimulus | a stimulus that is unpleasant | |
| 1001323930 | positive reinforcement | reinforcement in which an appetitive stimulus is presented | |
| 1001323931 | positive punishment | punishment in which an aversive stimulus is presented | |
| 1001323932 | negative reinforcement | reinforcement in which an aversive stimulus is removed | |
| 1001323933 | negative punishment | punishment in which an appetitive stimulus is removed | |
| 1001323934 | primary reinforcer | a stimulus that is innately reinforcing | |
| 1001323935 | secondary reinforcer | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing property through learning. | |
| 1001323936 | behavior modification | the application of classical and operant conditioning principles to eliminate undesirable behavior and to teach more desirable behavior.` | |
| 1001323937 | cumulative record | a record of the total number of operant responses over time that visually depicts the rate of responding | |
| 1001323938 | acquisition (in operant conditioning) | (in operant conditioning) the strengthening of a reinforced operant response. | |
| 1001323939 | extinction (in operant conditioning) | (in operant conditioning) the diminishing of the operant response when it is no longer reinforced | |
| 1001323940 | spontaneous recovery (in operant conditioning) | ( in operant conditioning) the temporary recovery of the operant response following a break during extinction training. | |
| 1001323941 | discriminative stimulus (in operant conditioning) | (in operant conditioning) the stimulus that has to be present for the operant response to be reinforced. | |
| 1001323942 | stimulus discrimination (in operant conditioning) | (in operant conditioning) learning to give the operant response only in the presence of the discriminative stimulus. | |
| 1001323943 | stimulus generalization (in operant conditioning) | (in operant conditioning) giving the operant response in the presence of stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus. | |
| 1001323944 | continuous schedule of reinforcement | reinforcing the desired operant response each time it is made. | |
| 1001323945 | partial schedule of reinforcement | reinforcing the desired operant response only part of the time. | |
| 1001323946 | partial-reinforcement effect | the finding that operant responses that are reinforced on partial schedules are more resistant to extinction than those reinforced on a continuous schedule. | |
| 1001323947 | fixed-ratio schedule | a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered each time a fixed number of responses are made. | |
| 1001323948 | variable-ratio schedule | a partial schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses it takes to obtain a reinforcer varies on each trial but averages to a set number across trial. | |
| 1001323949 | fixed-interval schedule | a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered after the first response given once a set interval of time has elapsed.` | |
| 1001323950 | motivation | the set of internal and external factors that energize our behavior and direct it toward goals. | |
| 1001323951 | drive-reduction theory | a theory of motivation that proposes that our behavior is motivated to reduce drives created by unsatisfied bodily needs to return the body to a balanced internal state | |
| 1001323952 | incentive theory | a theory of motivation which proposes that our behavior is motivated by incentives, external stimuli that we have learned to associate with reinforcement. | |
| 1001323953 | arousal theory | a theory of motivation which proposes that our behavior is motivated to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal. | |
| 1001323954 | extrinsic motivation | the desire to perform a behavior for external reinforcement | |
| 1001323955 | intrinsic motivation | the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake. | |
| 1001323956 | overjustification effect | a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and then the reinforcement discontinued. | |
| 1001323957 | instinctual drift | the tendency for an animal to drift back from a learned operant response to an innate instinctual response to an object. | |
| 1001323958 | observational learning | learning by observing others and imitating their behavior. | |
| 1001323959 | latent learning | learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until there is incentive to do so. | |
| 1001323960 | mirror neurons | neurons that fire both when performing an action and when observing another person perform that same action. |
