Chapter 6 vocabulary words and concepts on Perception.
Terms : Hide Images
| 43847421 | selective attention | focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in cocktail party effect | |
| 43847422 | inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere | |
| 43847423 | change blindness | after being distracted and refocusing on a particular stimulus, change in stimulus during distraction period goes undetected | |
| 43847424 | change deafness | when focused on repeating a list, change in individual speaking goes unnoticed | |
| 43847425 | pop-out | when distinct stimulus pops out and draws our attention | |
| 43847426 | visual capture | tendancy for vision to dominate other senses | |
| 43847427 | gestalt | an organized whole; tendancy to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes | |
| 43847428 | figure-ground | organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from surroundings (ground) | |
| 43847429 | Grouping | perceptual tendancy to organize stimuli into coherant groups; has 5 rules | |
| 43847430 | proximity | a rule for grouping; tendancy to group nearby objects figures together | |
| 43847431 | similarity | rule for grouping; tendancy to group figures together that are similar | |
| 43847432 | continuity | rule for grouping; tendancy to perceive smooth, continuous patterns | |
| 43847433 | connectedness | rule for grouping; tendancy to perceive connected, similar figures as 1 unit | |
| 43847434 | closure | rule for grouping; tendancy to fill in gaps to create complete whole objects | |
| 43847435 | depth perception | the ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike our retina are 2D; allows us to judge distance | |
| 43847436 | visual cliff | labratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals | |
| 43847437 | binocular cues | depth cues such as retinal disparity and convergence that depend on use of two eyes | |
| 43847438 | retinal disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from each eye, the brain computes distance; the greater the difference between two images the closer the object | |
| 43847439 | convergence | binocular cue for perceiving depth; the estent to which the eyse converge inward when looking at an object; the greater the inward strain, the closer the object | |
| 43847440 | monocular cues | depth cues such as interposition, relative size, and linear perspective available to each eye alone | |
| 43847441 | relative size | a monocular cue; if we assume two objects are similar in size we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away | |
| 43847442 | interposition | a monocular cue; if one object partially blocks the view of another, we perceive it as closer | |
| 43847443 | relative clarity | a monocular cue; light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere therefore they are perceived as hazy and farther away than sharp, clear objects | |
| 43847444 | texture gradient | a monocular cue; a gradual change from course, distinct texture to fine, indistinct textures signals increasing distance | |
| 43847445 | relative height | a monocular cue; objects higher in our field of vision are perceived as farther away; causes the illusion that taller objects are longer than shorter objects | |
| 43847446 | relative motion | a monocular cue; as we move, objects that are stationary appear to move; the closer the object, the faster it appears to move | |
| 43847447 | Linear perspective | a monocular cue; parallel lines such as RR tracks, seem to converge with distance; the greater the convergence, the greater the distance perceived | |
| 43847448 | light and shadow | a monocular cue; nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes, dimmer objects seem farther away (assuming light comes from above) | |
| 43847449 | stroboscopic movement | brain perceives continuous movement in rapid series of slightly varying images | |
| 43847450 | phi phenomenon | an illusion of movement created when two or more adjcent lights blink on and off in quick succession | |
| 43847451 | motion perception of objects | shrinking objects are perceived to be retreating, enlarging objects appear to be approaching; large objects appear to move slower than small objects | |
| 43847452 | perceptual constancy | perceiving objects as unchanging (in lightness, color, shape, size) as illumination and retinal images change; relating to top-down processing) | |
| 43847453 | shape constancy | perceived shape can appear as staying consistant when angle is changes | |
| 43847454 | size constancy | perceive objects as having constant size even as distance changes | |
| 43847455 | lightness constancy | objects are perceived as having constant lightness despite illumination variations | |
| 43847456 | relative luminance | amount of light an object reflects relative to surroundings | |
| 43847457 | perceptual set | a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another; determined by our schemas and experiences | |
| 43847458 | moon illusion | when the moon is closer to the horizon it looks 50 percent larger | |
| 43847459 | Muller-Lyer illusion | distance determines length; lines farther away appear to be bigger than lines close to us | |
| 43847460 | perceptual adaptation | in vision, the ability to adjust an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field | |
| 43847461 | Human factors psychologists | psychologists who explore how people and machines interact, and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use; help design appliances, work settings to fit natural perceptions | |
| 43847462 | extrasensory perception (ESP) | controvercial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; said to include telepathy, clairvoyance and precognition | |
| 43847463 | telepathy | a type of ESP involving mind to mind communication | |
| 43847464 | clairvoyance | a type of ESP involving perceiving remote events, for example sensing that your friends house is burning down | |
| 43847465 | precognition | a type of ESP involving perceiving future events | |
| 43847466 | psychokinesis | related to ESP; mind over matter principle; for example levitating a table, influencing a roll of dice | |
| 43847467 | problems with ESP | rejects our understanding that we are creatures whose minds are tied to our physical brains, and our belief that perceptual experiences of the world are built on sensations | |
| 43847468 | claims of ESP | astrological predictions, psychic healing, communication with dead, out of body experiences |
