The vocabulary from Chapter 8 of Psychology (8th Edition, Gleitman et al.).
Terms : Hide Images
| 1016921773 | acquisition | The processes of gaining new information and placing it in memory. | 0 | |
| 1016921774 | anterograde amnesia | A memory deficit suffered after some kinds of brain damage, in which the patient seems unable to form new explicit memories; however, memories acquired before the injury are spared. See also retrograde amnesia. | 1 | |
| 1016921775 | chunking | A process of reorganizing (or recoding) materials in working memory by combining a number of items into a single, larger unit. | 2 | |
| 1016921776 | context reinstatement | A way of improving retrieval by re-creating the state of mind that accompanied the initial learning. | 3 | |
| 1016921777 | declarative knowledge | Knowledge of information that can be expressed in words. | 4 | |
| 1016921778 | deep processing | An approach to memorization that involves focusing on the meaning of the stimulus. | 5 | |
| 1016921779 | DRM paradigm | A common procedure for studying memory, in which participants read and then immediately recall a list of related words, but the word providing the "theme" for the list is not included. | 6 | |
| 1016921780 | encoding specificity | The hypothesis that when information is stored in memory, it is not recorded in its original form but translated ("encoded") into a form that includes the thoughts and understanding of the learner. | 7 | |
| 1016921781 | episodic memory | Memory for specific events and experiences. | 8 | |
| 1016921782 | explicit memory | Conscious memories that can be described at will and can be triggered by a direct question. See also implicit memory. | 9 | |
| 1016921783 | familiarity | A general sense that a certain stimulus has been encountered before. | 10 | |
| 1016921784 | flashbulb memories | Vivid, detailed memories said to be produced by unexpected and emotionally important events. | 11 | |
| 1016921785 | forgetting curve | The graphic pattern representing the relationship between measures of learning and the length of the retention interval: As the retention interval gets longer, memory decreases. | 12 | |
| 1016921786 | implicit memory | Memories that we may not recall consciously, but that are still demonstrable through an indirect test. See also explicit memory. | 13 | |
| 1016921787 | incidental learning | Learning without trying to learn, and often without awareness that learning is occurring. | 14 | |
| 1016921788 | intentional learning | Placing new information into memory in anticipation of being tested on it later. | 15 | |
| 1016921789 | intrusion errors | Memory mistakes in which elements that were not part of the original information get mixed into ("intrude" into) someone's recall. | 16 | |
| 1016921790 | long-term memory | The vast memory depository containing all of an individual's knowledge and beliefs—including all those not in use at any given time. | 17 | |
| 1016921791 | maintenance rehearsal | Mechanical repetition of material without thinking about its meaning or patterns. | 18 | |
| 1016921792 | memory consolidation | The biological process through which memories are transformed from a transient and fragile status to a more permanent and robust state; according to most researchers, consolidation occurs over the course of several hours. | 19 | |
| 1016921793 | memory trace | The physical record in the nervous system that preserves a memory. | 20 | |
| 1016921794 | misinformation effect | The result of a procedure in which, after an experience, people are exposed to questions or suggestions that misrepresent what happened. The term refers to people's tendency to include the misinformation as part of their recall of the original experience. | 21 | |
| 1016921795 | mnemonics | Deliberate techniques people use to memorize new materials. | 22 | |
| 1016921796 | primacy effect | In free recall, the tendency to recall the first items on the list more readily than those in the middle. See also recency effect. | 23 | |
| 1016921797 | procedural knowledge | Knowledge of how to do something, such as riding a bike; expressed in behaviors rather than in words. | 24 | |
| 1016921798 | recall | A type of retrieval that requires you to produce an item from memory in response to a cue or question. See also recognition, recollection. | 25 | |
| 1016921799 | recency effect | In free recall, the tendency to recall items at the end of the list more readily than those in the middle. See also primacy effect. | 26 | |
| 1016921800 | recognition | A type of retrieval that requires you to judge whether you have encountered a stimulus previously. See also recall, recollection. | 27 | |
| 1016921801 | recollection | Recall of the context in which a certain stimulus was encountered. See also recall. | 28 | |
| 1016921802 | retention interval | The time that elapses between learning and retrieval. | 29 | |
| 1016921803 | retrieval | The process of searching for a memory and finding it. | 30 | |
| 1016921804 | retrieval cue | A hint or signal that helps one to recall a memory. | 31 | |
| 1016921805 | retrieval paths | The mental connections linking one idea to the next that people use to locate a bit of information in memory. | 32 | |
| 1016921806 | retrograde amnesia | A memory deficit, often suffered after a head injury, in which the patient loses memory for events that occurred before the injury. See also anterograde amnesia. | 33 | |
| 1016921807 | schema | An individual's mental representation that summarizes her knowledge about a certain type of event or situation. | 34 | |
| 1016921808 | semantic memory | Memory for facts (including word meanings); these memories are not tied to any specific time or place. | 35 | |
| 1016921809 | shallow processing | An approach to memorization that involves focusing on the superficial characteristics of the stimulus, such as the sound of a word or the typeface in which it's printed. | 36 | |
| 1016921810 | tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) effect | The condition in which one remains on the verge of retrieving a word or name but continues to be unsuccessful. | 37 | |
| 1016921811 | working memory | A term describing the status of thoughts in memory that are currently activated. | 38 |
