Terms : Hide Images
| 2749117242 | Assimilation (in the context of cognition). | Classifying new information into existing schemata. | 0 | |
| 2749117879 | Accommodation (in the context of cognition). | When existing schemata is modified to 'accommodate' new information (usually if new information doesn't fit 'nicely' into existing schemata). | 1 | |
| 2749119152 | What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development? | Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational. | 2 | |
| 2749120113 | Primary circular reactions. | Repetition of body movements that originally occurred by chance. | 3 | |
| 2749121519 | Secondary circular reactions. | Manipulating something outside the body (e.g throwing toys). | 4 | |
| 2749122815 | Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. | Child learns to manipulate the environment (via circular reactions) in order to meet physical needs. Key milestones are object permanence (objects exist outside of personal view) and representational thought (child creates mental images of external objects). | 5 | |
| 2749125275 | Pre-operational stage of cognitive development. | Symbolic thinking (ability to pretend), egocentrism (inability to consider others perspective) and centration (focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon). | 6 | |
| 2749126900 | Concrete operational stage of cognitive development. | Child can consider perspective of others but CAN'T THINK ABSTRACTLY. | 7 | |
| 2749128503 | Formal operational stage of cognitive development. | Abstract thinking (thinking about concepts and generalizations). | 8 | |
| 2749129253 | Fluid intelligence. | Problem-solving skills. | 9 | |
| 2749129254 | Crystallized intelligence | Knowledge/learned skills. | 10 | |
| 2749131087 | T/F. Fluid and crystallized intelligence both decline with age. | True. | 11 | |
| 2749131241 | Delirim | Quick change in mental state that is reversible. Usually caused medically (e.g. alcohol withdrawal). | 12 | |
| 2749132551 | Mental set. | Pattern of approach for a problem. | 13 | |
| 2749142137 | Functional fixedness | Tendency to use objects only in the way they are normally utilized (not turning straw into gold). | 14 | |
| 2749190195 | What are the 4 factors involved in decision making? | Heuristics, bias, intuition and emotion. | 15 | |
| 2749190935 | Heuristics. | "rule of thumbs' to make decisions. | 16 | |
| 2749191139 | Availability heuristic | Decision making based on how easily similar instances can be imagined. | 17 | |
| 2749191713 | Representativeness heuristic. | Decision making based on how much a particular item fits a stereotype. | 18 | |
| 2749193911 | Basal rate fallacy | Making a decision using stereotypical factors while ignoring actual numerical data. | 19 | |
| 2749194323 | Conformation bias. | Tendency to focus on information that fits an individual's beliefs, while rejecting information that goes against them. | 20 | |
| 2749200021 | Disconfirmation principle. | Evidence obtained from testing demonstrating that the solution does not work. | 21 | |
| 2749201457 | Overconfidence. | Tendency to interpret one's beliefs as superior. | 22 | |
| 2749204622 | Intuition. | Acting on perception that isn't supported by evidence. | 23 | |
| 2749209679 | T/F. The reticular formation communicates with the primary motor cortex to keep us awake. | False. Communicates with the prefrontal cortex. | 24 | |
| 2749212986 | What wave appears on an EEG when we are awake? | Beta waves. | 25 | |
| 2749213229 | What wave appears on an EEG when we are awake but relaxing with our eye's closed (yoga). | Alpha waves. | 26 | |
| 2749213506 | What wave appears on an EEG when we 'doze off'? | Theta waves. | 27 | |
| 2749214777 | Sleep wave associated with stage 3 and 4 stages of sleep? | Delta waves. | 28 | |
| 2749215952 | T/F. During REM sleep, the EEG suggests wakefulness. | True. | 29 | |
| 2749217776 | Narcolepsy | Lack of voluntary control of when to sleep (e.g. falling asleep on the job). | 30 | |
| 2749218467 | Sleep apnea. | Inability to breath during sleep. | 31 | |
| 2749218672 | Parasomnias | Abnormal behaviors during sleep (sleep walking). | 32 | |
| 2749219747 | T/F . Alcohol causes decreased release of GABA. | False. Increased release. | 33 | |
| 2749246020 | What are the 5 components of language? | Phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax and pragmatics. | 34 | |
| 2749247096 | Phonology. | The sound of language (pronunciations). | 35 | |
| 2749248363 | Morphology. | The structure of words (e.g. redesign). | 36 | |
| 2749250257 | Semantics | Association of meaning with a word. | 37 | |
| 2749251610 | Syntax. | How words are put together to form sentences. | 38 | |
| 2749251837 | Pragmatics. | Dependence on language on the context (e.g. sup to friend vs. Hello sir to CEO). | 39 | |
| 2749253851 | Nativist (biological) theory of language development. | Language acquisition is inate. | 40 | |
| 2749254180 | Learning (behaviorist) theory | Language acquisition is controlled by operant conditioning. | 41 | |
| 2749256372 | Social interactionist theory. | Language acquisition is caused by motivation to communicate with others. | 42 | |
| 2749257072 | Whorfian hypothesis | Our perception of reality is determined by the content of language (eg. Inquit's are better at discriminating different types of snow due to having so many words for snow in langauge). | 43 | |
| 2749258139 | Arcuate Fasciculus | Bundle of axons that connects Broca's area and Wernicke's area. | 44 | |
| 2749261975 | T/F. Intrinsic motivation can be reduced by introducing external reward. | True. | 45 | |
| 2749262435 | Instinct theory. | Motivation is driven by evolutionary programmed instincts. | 46 | |
| 2749264287 | Arousal theory. | Motivation is based on maintaining an optimal level of arousal. | 47 | |
| 2749265777 | Yerkes-Dodson law. | U-shaped function between arousal and performance. | 48 | |
| 2749267923 | T/F. More arousal leads to better performance in simple tasks. | True. | 49 | |
| 2749272216 | In psychology, what does 'drive' refer to? | Motivation to eliminate an uncomfortable internal state. | 50 | |
| 2749272238 | Primary drives. | Drive to maintain homeostasis. | 51 | |
| 2749273107 | Secondary drives | Drive not related to biological processes (e.g. Robert Herjavic had a strong entrepreneur drive because he was poor growing up). | 52 | |
| 2749274820 | Drive reduction theory. | Motivation is based on satisfying your drive (eliminate uncomfortable state). | 53 | |
| 2749275961 | Maslow's Hierarchy of needs. | Certain needs will yield a greater influence on motivation. | 54 | |
| 2749279877 | What are the 4 factors that influence motivation? | Instincts, arousal, drives and needs. | 55 | |
| 2749280540 | Self-determination theory | Motivation is based on 3 universal needs. Autonomy (control of actions), competence (need to excel at difficult tasks) and relatedness (need to feel accepted in relationships). | 56 | |
| 2749285569 | Incentive theory. | Behavior is motivated by the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments. | 57 | |
| 2749289170 | Expectancy-value theory. | Amount of motivation needed to teach a goal is based off expectation of success and degree to which individual values success. | 58 | |
| 2749293639 | Opponent-process theory. | After repeated exposure to drug, body attempts to counteract its effects by changing its physiology. | 59 | |
| 2749296646 | T/F. According to opponent-process theory, drug effects last longer than bodily adjustments. | False. Bodily adjustments last longer. | 60 | |
| 2749301108 | James-lange theory of emotion. | Stimulus results in physiological response which leads to secondary emotional response (e.g. I am angry because my heart rate is high). | 61 | |
| 2749305158 | Cannon-bard theory of emotion. | Cognitive and physiological component of emotion occur simultaneously resulting in the behavioral component of emotion (e.g. I am afraid because I see a snake AND my heart is racing). | 62 | |
| 2749310977 | Cognitive arousal theory (Schachter-Singer theory). | Physiology and interpretation of context lead to an emotional response (e.g. I am happy because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy). | 63 | |
| 2749332357 | Distress. | Occurs when experiencing unpleasant stressors (e.g. bad score on MCAT). | 64 | |
| 2749332591 | Eustress. | Occurs when experiencing pleasant stressors (e.g. good score on MCAT). | 65 | |
| 2749632696 | Androgyny | Being very masculine and feminine at the same time. | 66 | |
| 2749640512 | Hierarchy of salience | The situation dictates which identity holds the most importance (e.g. ethnic, nationality, etc.). | 67 | |
| 2749647417 | Self-discrepancy theory | There are 3 selves to a person; the actual self, ideal self and ought self. The closer the 3 selves are to one another, the higher our self-esteem. | 68 | |
| 2749649014 | Actual self. | The way we see ourselves are we currently are. | 69 | |
| 2749649015 | Ideal self. | The person we would like to be. | 70 | |
| 2749649232 | Ought self. | Our representation of the way others think we should be. | 71 | |
| 2749649939 | Self-efficacy | Our belief in our ability to succeed. | 72 | |
| 2749650313 | Learned helplessness | Where one is placed in a hopeless scenario and self-efficacy is lowered past the point of recovery. | 73 |
