Psychology
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| 716526311 | What are the possible philosophical relationships between the mind and the brain? | 1. Monism - just brain no mind; no brain just mind. 2. Dualism - Descartes - brain and mind; "I think therefore I am" | |
| 716526312 | What makes neurons unique? | 1. They don't replicate! (much) 2. They communicate! | |
| 716526313 | What are the major types of neurons and their primary functions? | 1. Sensory - receive messages; 2. Motor - makes muscles move; 3. Interneurons - messengers | |
| 716526314 | What are the important parts of the neuron for communicating? | Dendrites, Axon, & Action Potential. | |
| 716526315 | What is the primary function of the myelin sheath? | Protects the axon | |
| 716526316 | What is the resting state? Action potential? Refractory period? | 1. Resting state: negative electron charge within the neuron and positive electrical charge outside 2. Action potential: an electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron, changing the cell's charge from negative to positive. can be up to 200 miles per hour 3. Refractory Period: "recharging" time of the neuron | |
| 716526317 | What are neurotransmitters? What are the most important neurotransmitters? | Excitatory & Inhibitory; Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Seratonin, Endorphin | |
| 716526319 | What are the primary divisions of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (brain, brain stem, spiral cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System (Somatic, Autonomic). | |
| 716526320 | What is the endocrine system? | Send Messages through nervous system | |
| 716526321 | What are the primary division of the brain and their functions? | 1. Cerebrum: thoughts. 2. Cerebellum: motor skills. 3. Brain Stem: breathing, autonomic | |
| 716526322 | Distinguish perception and sensation. | Perception: selecting, organizing, interpreting sensory. Sensation: receiving and coding stimulus energies from outside. | |
| 716526323 | What is the JND? | Just Noticeable Difference | |
| 716526324 | What is the gate control theory? | Theory that particular nerve receptors in spinal cord lead to specific areas of the brain related to pain | |
| 716526325 | What is the stereochemical theory? | How we interpret smell | |
| 716526326 | How many taste buds and smell receptors are there? | Sour, sweet, bitter, salty... 10,000 taste buds and 1000 receptors | |
| 716526327 | What is the physical change in the environment that human vision is sensitive to? | Light | |
| 716526328 | What are rods and cones? How are they different? | Rods - light. Cones - color. Receptor cells in retina | |
| 716526329 | What is the fovea? | Center of eye (very back) | |
| 716526330 | What is peripheral vision? How does it differ from looking strait at an object? | Peripheral vision is a part of vision that occurs outside the very center of gaze. Vision exists at the edges of the field of view, rather than adjacent to the center of gaze. | |
| 716526331 | What is the blind spot? | The lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina. (Located in the very back of eye where optic nerve attached to eye) | |
| 716526332 | Where are the two locations of color vision? What are the two theories of color vision associated with each one? | the trichromatic theory (retina) and the opponent process theory (Thalamus) | |
| 716526333 | Which is the most common form of color vision? | Green, and red | |
| 716526334 | What are the corresponding perceptions of the frequency and amplitude of sound waves? | Frequency - Pitch; Amplitude - Loudness | |
| 716526335 | What is order of the components in the ear that code sound? | Ear canal, ear drum, 3 bones, cochlea, organ of corti | |
| 716526336 | What is the cochlea? The basilar membrane? | Cochlea - coiled tube in the ear filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound. Basilar - structure that runs through the middle of the Cochlea to create an upper and a lower chamber, containing sense receptors for sound. | |
| 716526337 | Distinguish the telephone, place and volley theories of hearing? | Telephone: one to one correspondence with the firing rate of neurons. Place: based on standing wave patterns in a sound chamber. Volley: neurons sometimes fire the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd time and volley. | |
| 716526338 | How do the Gestalt theories of perception differ from feature analysis? | ... | |
| 716526339 | What is the importance of figure/ground, closure, good figure, proximity and similarity? | ... | |
| 716526340 | What are illusions? Phenomenal absolutism? | Perceptions that relate in an unusual way to the external world. "We see what we want to see." | |
| 716526341 | What are the characteristics of motivated behavior? | 1. eagernees 2. Energy mobilization 3. Consistency 4. Achievement of goal and reduction of tension 5. Concentrated attention | |
| 716526342 | Why does your professor say that motivation is a hypothetical construct? | energy arousal, goal direction, selective attention, persistence | |
| 716526343 | What are the two basic approaches to understanding motivation? | Push (drives) & Pull (incentives) | |
| 716526344 | What is drive reduction? | Theory that focuses on Physiological processes | |
| 716526345 | What are the basic biological needs? Homeostasis? | Hunger, thirst, pain reduction, temperature regulation, sleep, excrement, sex. Homeostasis is the body attempting to maintain a steady state | |
| 716526346 | Distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? What does Deci say about the relationship of the two? | Intrinsic (you like to) Extrinsic (you have to) Deci believed that these were incompatible | |
| 716526347 | Distinguish Nach, Npwr, Naffl. How are they measured? | Nach- need for achievement Npwr- need for power Naffl- need for affiliation Thematic apperception test | |
| 716526348 | What is the correct sequence of needs in Maslow's hierarchy? | 1. Physiological needs (water, food, sleep, sex) 2. Safety 3. Love and Belongingness 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization (self-fulfillment) | |
| 716526349 | How does the brain monitor and create feelings of hunger? | Hypothalamus | |
| 716526350 | Describe Maslow's hierarchical theory of Motivation. | Have to fulfill lower to achieve higher. | |
| 716526351 | What is Plutchick's theory of emotions? | 8 basic emotions branch off into 8 other emotions (he used a pie chart) | |
| 716526352 | What is the facial feedback hypothesis? | While the facial feedback hypothesis is not a theory, simply a component, it suggest that is we smile then it will positively affect our physiology and cognitions. If we frown, it will likewise negatively affect our physiology and cognitions | |
| 716526353 | What purpose do emotions serve? | Emotions make life more interesting. They prepare us for action, motivate our learning, improve our relationship through communication and empathy. Relationships depend on shared emotion and humanity. | |
| 716526354 | What is the TAT? | Thematic apperception test | |
| 716526355 | Distinguish the theories of emotion of James/Lange, Cannon/.Baird, and Schacter and Singer. | James/Lange - physiology comes first--generates the emotions. Cannon/Baird - physiological and cognition arise simultaneously in the limbic system. Schacter/singer - physiological arousal and cognitive labeling | |
| 716526356 | What is GAS and who proposed it? | General adaption syndrome -- Seyle | |
| 716526357 | What is coping? | Learning how to deal with certain situations. | |
| 716526358 | What are the three Cs of the hardy personality? | Challenge, Commitment, Control | |
| 716526359 | What kinds of illness result from stress? | Heart attack, and high blood pressure | |
| 716526360 | Distinguish primary and secondary appraisal. | Primary appraisal: we consider how the situation affects our personal well-bein. Secondary appraisal: we consider how we might cope with the situation | |
| 716526361 | Distinguish emotion focus and problem solving focus in coping. | In emotion focused coping: people try to manage their emotions in the face of stress, seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive the problem. Examples include strategies such as accepting sympathy from others and looking at the bright side of the situation. Problem solving focused: coping involves thinking about ways to modify the stressful problem or source of stress. In other words, it means taking action or fixing the problem. These strategies lead to changes in behavior or to a plan of action to deal with the stress. Examples are starting a study group to improve your grade in a class, or doing something relaxing after many long days of work or labor. | |
| 716526362 | What impact can exercise have on health? | Exercising is an effective way to cope, causing relief of stress and other physiological problems. It is recommended for good health, both mental and physical. |
