Terms : Hide Images
| 706223595 | Consciousness | the awareness of Internal and External stimuli | 0 | |
| 706223596 | Brain Waves | i. Measured in height and frequency ii. Beta, Alpha, Theta and Delta Waves | 1 | |
| 706223597 | Biological Rhythms | Periodic Fluctuations in Physiological functioning | 2 | |
| 706223598 | Circadian Rhythms | The 24-hour biological cycles found in Humans and many animals | 3 | |
| 706223599 | Melatonin | Hormone that Adjusts Biological Clocks | 4 | |
| 706223600 | Electromyograph (EMG) | records muscle activity and tension | 5 | |
| 706223601 | Electrooculograph | Records Eye Movement | 6 | |
| 706223602 | Stage 1 Sleep | i. Light sleep ii. Hypnic Jerks | 7 | |
| 706223603 | Stage 2 Sleep | i. Sleep Spindles ii. Respiration, Heart Rate and Muscle Tension and Body Temperature all bgin to decline | 8 | |
| 706223604 | Stage 3 and 4 Sleep | Slow WAve Sleep | 9 | |
| 706223605 | Stage 5 Sleep | REM Sleep | 10 | |
| 706223606 | REM Sleep | i. Deep sleep ii. vivid dreams iii. Paralyzed iiii. Memory COnsolidation | 11 | |
| 706223607 | Ascending Reticular Activating System | Fibers in Reticular formation that influence Sleep and rising from Sleep | 12 | |
| 706223608 | Insomnia | Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep. Most common Sleep Disorder | 13 | |
| 706223609 | Narcolepsy | Disease causing sudden onsets of sleep during waking periods | 14 | |
| 706223610 | Sleep Apnea | Frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep | 15 | |
| 706223611 | Nightmares | Anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep | 16 | |
| 706223612 | Night Terrors | Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feeling of Panic. Bolt up with a scream | 17 | |
| 706223613 | Somnambulism | Sleepwalking | 18 | |
| 706223614 | REM Dreams | Visual, vivid, story-like dreams | 19 | |
| 706223615 | NREM Dreams | Short, not very vivid | 20 | |
| 706223616 | Lucid Dreaming | Dreamer knows they are dreaming | 21 | |
| 706223622 | Hypnosis | i. Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of Suggestibility ii. Produces: anesthesia,hallucinations, Disinhibition and Posthypnotic Suggestions | 22 | |
| 706223624 | Dissociation | Splitting off of Mental Processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness | 23 | |
| 706223625 | Divided Conscious | Is a normal experience such as driving a car, but you don't remember specific things about it. You just do it | 24 | |
| 706223626 | Meditation | Family of Practices that Train Attention to heighten awareness and bring Mental Processes under greater Voluntary Control | 25 | |
| 706223627 | Psychoactive Drugs | Chemical substances that modify Mental, Emotional, or Behavioral Functioning | 26 | |
| 706223628 | Narcotics | i. Drugs derived from Opium that relieves Pain ii. Heroine and Morphine | 27 | |
| 706223629 | Sedatives | i. Sleep Inducing drugs that decrease Central Nervous System Activation and Behavioral Activity ii. Sleeping pills, Barbituates | 28 | |
| 706223630 | Stimulants | i. Drugs that Increase Central Nervous System activation and Behavioral Activity ii. Caffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine, Amphetamines | 29 | |
| 706223631 | Hallucinogens | i. Drugs that have powerful effect upon Mental and Emotional Functioning. Causing Distortions in Sensory and Perceptual Experience ii. LSD and Shrooms | 30 | |
| 706223632 | Cannabis | i. Hemp Plant from which Marijuana, Hashish, and THC are derived ii. Marijuana and Hash | 31 | |
| 706223633 | MDMA | i. Compound Drug related to both Amphetamines & Hallucinogens, especially Mescaline ii. Ecstasy | 32 | |
| 706223634 | Tolerance | Progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug | 33 | |
| 706223635 | Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway | all abused drugs increase activity here | 34 | |
| 706223636 | Physical Dependence | When a person must continue to take a Drug to avoid withdrawal illness | 35 | |
| 706223637 | Psychological Dependence | When a Person must continue to take a Drug to satisfy intense Mental and Emotional Craving for the Drug | 36 | |
| 706223638 | Learning | Any relatively durable Change in Behavior or Knowledge that is due to Experience | 37 | |
| 706223639 | Conditioning | Learning Associations between events that occur in an Organisms Environment | 38 | |
| 706223640 | Phobias | Irrational Fears of specific Objects or Situations | 39 | |
| 706223641 | Classical Conditioning | Type of Learning in which a Stimulus acquires the Capacity to Evoke a Response that was originally evoked by another Stimulus | 40 | |
| 706223642 | Ivan Pavlov | i. Classical Conditioning ii. Pavlov's Dogs | 41 | |
| 706223643 | Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | A Stimulus that evokes an Unconditional response without previous Conditioning | 42 | |
| 706223644 | Unconditioned Response (UCR) | An Unlearned Reaction to an Unconditioned Stimulus that occurs without previous Conditioning | 43 | |
| 706223645 | Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | A Previously Neutral Stimulus that through Conditioning, can Evoke a Conditioned Response | 44 | |
| 706223646 | Conditioned Response | A Learned Reaction to a Conditioned Stimulus that occurs because of Previous Conditioning | 45 | |
| 706223647 | Conditioned Reflex | Conditioned Response is relatively Automatic or Involuntary | 46 | |
| 706223648 | Trail (Classical Conditioning) | Any Presentation of Stimulus or a pair of Stimuli | 47 | |
| 706223649 | Acquisition | Initial Stage of Learning Something | 48 | |
| 706223650 | Extinction | The Gradual Weakening and Disappearance of a Conditioned Response Tendency | 49 | |
| 706223651 | Spontaneous Recovery | Reappearance of an Extinguished Response after a period of No Exposure to the Conditioned Stimulus | 50 | |
| 706223652 | Stimulus Generalization | Occurs when an Organism that has learned a Response to a Specific Stimulus Responds in the same way to new Stimulus that are similar to the Original Stimulus | 51 | |
| 706223653 | Stimulus Discrimination | Occurs when an Organism that has learned a Response to a Specific Stimulus does Not Respond in the same way to a new Stimuli that are Similar to the Original Stimulus | 52 | |
| 706223654 | Higher Order Conditioning | A Conditioned Stimulus functions as if it were an Unconditioned Stimulus | 53 | |
| 706223655 | Operant Conditioning | i. A Form of Learning in which Responses come to be Controlled by their Consequences ii. B. F. Skinner | 54 | |
| 706223656 | Law of Effect | i. If a Response in the presence of a Stimulus leads to Positive Effects, the Associations between the Stimulus and Response is Strengthened ii. Edward Thorndike | 55 | |
| 706223657 | Reinforcement | i. Occurs when an event following a Response increases the Organisms tendency to make that Response ii. B. F. Skinner | 56 | |
| 706223658 | Operant Chamber / Skinner Box | Small Enclosure where an Animal can make a specific Response that is recorded, while the consequences are controlled. | 57 | |
| 706223659 | Reinforced Contingencies | Circumstances or Rules that determine whether Responses lead to the Presentation of Reinforcers | 58 | |
| 706223661 | Shaping | The Reinforcement of closer and closer Approximations of a Desired Response | 59 | |
| 706223662 | Resistance to Extinction | Occurs when an Organism continues to make a Response after Delivery of the Reinforcer has been Terminated | 60 | |
| 706223663 | Discriminative Stimulus | Cues that influence Operant Behavior by indicating the Probable Consequences of a Response | 61 | |
| 706223664 | Primary Reinforcers | Events that are Inherently Reinforcing because they Satisfy Biological Needs | 62 | |
| 706223665 | Secondary/Conditioned reinforcers | Events that acquire Reinforcing Qualities by being Associated with Primary Enforcers | 63 | |
| 706223667 | Continuous Reinforcement | When Every Instance of a Designated Response is Reinforced | 64 | |
| 706223669 | Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule of Reinforcement | The Reinforcer is given after a Fixed Number of Non-Reinforced Responses | 65 | |
| 706223670 | Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule of Reinforcement | The Reinforcer is Given after a Variable Number of Non-Reinforced Responses | 66 | |
| 706223671 | Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule of Reinforcement | The Reinforcer is Given for the First Response that Occurs after a Fixed Time Interval has Elapsed | 67 | |
| 706223672 | Variable Interval (FI) Schedule of Reinforcement | The Reinforcer is Given for the First Response after a Variable Time Interval has Elapsed | 68 | |
| 706223673 | Positive Reinforcement | When a Response is Strengthened because it is followed by the Presentation of a Rewarding Stimulus | 69 | |
| 706223674 | Negative Reinforcement | When a Response is Strengthened because it is followed by the Removal of an Unpleasant Stimulus | 70 | |
| 706223675 | Escape Learning | An Organism Acquires a Response that Decreases or Ends some Aversive Stimuli | 71 | |
| 706223676 | Avoidance Learning | An Organism Acquires a Response that Prevents some Aversive (Unpleasant) Stimulation from Occurring | 72 | |
| 706223677 | Punishment | When an Event following a Response Weakens the Tendency to make that Response. Adding an Aversive Stimulant | 73 | |
| 706223679 | Taste Averion | i. Discovered Link between Taste/Smell and Nausea over a long period of time, but not other Senses ii. John Garcia | 74 | |
| 706223680 | Latent Learning | i. Learning that is not apparent from Behavior when it First Occurs ii. Edward Tolman | 75 | |
| 706223681 | Signal Relations | i. The Predictive Value of a CS is an Influential Factor Governing Classical Conditioning ii. Robert Rescorla | 76 | |
| 706223682 | Observational Learning | i. When an Organism's Responding is Influenced by the Observation of others, who are called Models ii. Key Processes: Attention, Retention, Reproduction and Motivation | 77 | |
| 706223683 | Encoding | Forming Memory Code | 78 | |
| 706223684 | Storage | Maintaining encoded information in Memory over time | 79 | |
| 706223685 | Retrieval | Recovering Information from Memory Stores | 80 | |
| 706223686 | Attention | Focusing Awareness on a narrowed range of Stimuli or Events | 81 | |
| 706223687 | Structural Encoding | Shallow Processing - Emphasizes the Physical Structure of the Stimulus | 82 | |
| 706223688 | Phonemic Encoding | Intermediate Processing - Emphasizes what a word sounds like | 83 | |
| 706223689 | Semantic Encoding | Deep Processing - Emphasizes the meaning of Verbal Input | 84 | |
| 706223690 | Levels-Of-Processing Theory | Proposes that deeper levels of processing result in Longer-Lasting Memory codes | 85 | |
| 706223691 | Elaboration | Linking a Stimulus to other information at the time of Encoding | 86 | |
| 706223692 | Imagery | Creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered | 87 | |
| 706223693 | Dual-Coding Theory | Memory is Enhanced by Forming Semantic and Visual codes, since either can lead to Recall | 88 | |
| 706223694 | Self-Referent Coding | Deciding how or whether Information is Personally Relevant | 89 | |
| 706223695 | Sensory Memory | Preserves Memory in its Original Sensory form for a Brief Time, Usually only a Fraction of a Second | 90 | |
| 706223696 | Short-Term Memory (STM) | A Limited-Capacity Store that can Maintain Unrehearsed Information for up to about 20 Seconds | 91 | |
| 706223697 | Rehersal | The Process of Repetitively Verbalizing or Thinking about the Information | 92 | |
| 706223698 | George Miller | People could recall only about 7 Items in tasks that require Short-Term Memory | 93 | |
| 706223699 | Chunk | A Group of Familiar Stimuli Stored as a Single Unit | 94 | |
| 706223700 | Alan Baddeley | Working Memory | 95 | |
| 706223701 | Phonological Loop | Facilitate the Acquisition of Language | 96 | |
| 706223702 | Visuospatial Sketchpad | Permits people to Temporarily Hold and Manipulate Visual Images | 97 | |
| 706223703 | Central Executive System | Controls Deploying, Switching, and Dividing Attention | 98 | |
| 706223704 | Episodic Buffer | Temporary Limited-Capacity storage for Integrating Working Memory to Long-Term Memory | 99 | |
| 706223705 | Long Term Memory (LTM) | i. An Unlimited Capacity Store that can hold Information over Lengthy Periods of Time ii. Permanent | 100 | |
| 706223706 | Flashbulb Memories | i. Vivid and Detailed Recollections of Momentous Events ii. often inaccurate | 101 | |
| 706223707 | Conceptual Hierarchy | A Multilevel Classification System Based on Common Properties Among Items | 102 | |
| 706223708 | Schema | i. An Organized Cluster of Knowledge about a Particular Object or Event Abstracted from Previous Experience with the Object or Event ii. People are more likely to Remember things that are Consistent with their Schemas than Things that are not | 103 | |
| 706223709 | Semantic Network | Consists of Nodes Representing Concepts, Joined Together by Pathways that Link Related Concepts | 104 | |
| 706223710 | Parallel Distributed Processing Models (PDP) | Cognitive Processes Depend on Patterns of Activation in Highly Interconnected Computational Networks that Resemble Neural Networks | 105 | |
| 706223711 | Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon | The Temporary Inability to Remember Something You Know, Accompanied by a Feeling that It's "Just out of Reach" | 106 | |
| 706223712 | Misinformation Effect | Occurs when Participants Recall of an Event they Witnessed is Altered by Introducing Misleading Post-Event Information | 107 | |
| 706223713 | Imagination Inflation | A few moments of belief that a person has had an experience they haven't allows them to make up details that didn't occur | 108 | |
| 706223715 | Source Monitoring | Involves Making Attributions about the Origins of Memories | 109 | |
| 706223716 | Source Monitoring Error | Occurs when a Memory Derived from one Source is Misattributed to Another Source | 110 | |
| 706223717 | Reality Monitoring | Process of Deciding Whether Memories are Based on External Sources (One's Perception of Actual Events) Or Internal Sources (One's Thoughts and Imaginations.) | 111 | |
| 706223718 | Herman Ebbinghaus | Forgetting Curve | 112 | |
| 706223719 | Forgetting Curve | i. Graphs Retention and Forgetting Over Time ii. more meaningful material makes for a shallower curve | 113 | |
| 706223720 | Retention | Refers to the Proportion of Material Remembered | 114 | |
| 706223721 | Recall | Measure of Retention Requires Subjects to Reproduce Information from an Array of Options | 115 | |
| 706223722 | Recognition | Measure of Retention Requires Subjects to Select Previously Learned Information from an Array of options | 116 | |
| 706223723 | Relearning | Measure of Retention Requires a Subject to Memorize Information a Second Time to Determine How Much Time or How Many Practice Trials are Saved by Having Learned it Before | 117 | |
| 706223724 | Pseudo Forgetting | You don't learn something well due to a lack of Attention | 118 | |
| 706223725 | Decay Theory of Forgetting | Forgetting Occurs because Memory Traces Fade with Time | 119 | |
| 706223726 | Interference Theory of Forgetting | People Forget Information because of Competition from other Material | 120 | |
| 706223727 | Retroactive Interference in Forgetting | Occurs when New Information Impairs the Retention of Previously Learned Information | 121 | |
| 706223728 | Proactive Interference in Forgetting | Occurs when Previously Learned Information Interferes with the Retention of New Information | 122 | |
| 706223729 | Encoding Specificity Principle | The Value of a Retrieval Cue Depends on How Well it Corresponds to the Memory Code | 123 | |
| 706223730 | Transfer-Appropriate Processing | Occurs when the Initial Processing of Information is Similar to the Type of Processing Required by the Subsequent Measure of Retention | 124 | |
| 706223731 | Repression | i. keeping Distressing Thoughts and Feelings Buried in the Unconscious ii. Freud | 125 | |
| 706223732 | Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) | A Long-Lasting Increase in Neural Excitability at Synapses Along a Specific Neural Pathway | 126 | |
| 706223733 | Long-Term Depression (LTD) | A Long-Lasting Decrease in Neural Excitability at Synapses Along a Specific Neural Pathway | 127 | |
| 706223734 | Retrograde Amnesia | Involves the Loss of Memories for Events that Occurred prior to the Onset of Amnesia | 128 | |
| 706223735 | Anterograde Amnesia | The Loss of Memories for Events that Occur after the Onset of Amnesia | 129 | |
| 706223736 | Consolidation | A Hypothetical Process Involving the Gradual Conversion of Information into Durable Memory Codes Stored in Long-Term Memory | 130 | |
| 706223737 | Non-Declarative Memory System | Houses Memory for Actions, Skills, Conditioned Responses, and Emotional Responses | 131 | |
| 706223738 | Declarative Memory System | Handles Factual Information | 132 | |
| 706223739 | Episodic Memory System | Chronological Recollections of Personal Experiences | 133 | |
| 706223740 | Semantic Memory System | General Knowledge that is not tied to the Time when the Information was Learned | 134 | |
| 706223741 | Prospective Memory | Remembering to Perform Actions in the Future | 135 | |
| 706223742 | Retrospective Memory | Remembering Events from the Past or Previously Learned Information | 136 |
