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Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 13 Vocab Flashcards

Stress, Coping, and Health
on pages 510 to 549

Terms : Hide Images
1149154111Biophychosocial modelPhysical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.0
1149154112Health psychologyA specialty branch of psychology that is concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness.1
1149154113StressAny circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and that thereby tax one's coping abilities.2
1149154114Acute stressorsThreatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint.3
1149154115Chronic stressorsThreatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit.4
1149154116FrustrationOccurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted.5
1149154117ConflictWhen two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.6
1149154118Approach-approach conflictA choice must be made between two attractive goals.7
1149154119Avoidance-avoidance conflictA choice must be made between two unattractive goals.8
1149154120Approach-avoidance conflictA choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects.9
1149154121Life changesAny significant alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment.10
1149154122PressureExpectations or demands that one behave in a certain way.11
1149154123Fight-or-flight responseA physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) an enemy.12
1149154124General adaptation syndromeA model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.13
1149154125CopingActive efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress.14
1149154126Learned helplessnessPassive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events.15
1149154127AggressionAny behavior that is intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally.16
1149154128CatharsisThe release of emotional tension.17
1149154129Internet addictionSpending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and the inability to control online use.18
1149154130Defense mechanismsLargely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety and guilt.19
1149154131Constructive copingRelatively healthful efforts people make to deal with stressful events.20
1149154132BurnoutPhysical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that can by brought on gradually through chronic work-related stress.21
1149154133Psychosomatic diseasesGenuine physical ailments that were thought to be caused in part by stress and other psychological factors.22
1149154134Type A personalityA type of personality that includes three elements: (1) a strong competitive orientation, (2) impatience and time urgency, and (3) anger and hostility.23
1149154135Type B personalityA type of personality that is marked by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior.24
1149154136Immune responseThe body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances.25
1149154137Social supportVarious types of aid and succor provided by members of one's social networks.26
1149154138OptimismA general tendency to expect good outcomes.27
1149154139Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).28
1149154140Catastrophic thinkingUnrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems.29

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