Stress, Coping, and Health
on pages 510 to 549
1149154111 | Biophychosocial model | Physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. | 0 | |
1149154112 | Health psychology | A specialty branch of psychology that is concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness. | 1 | |
1149154113 | Stress | Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and that thereby tax one's coping abilities. | 2 | |
1149154114 | Acute stressors | Threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint. | 3 | |
1149154115 | Chronic stressors | Threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit. | 4 | |
1149154116 | Frustration | Occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted. | 5 | |
1149154117 | Conflict | When two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression. | 6 | |
1149154118 | Approach-approach conflict | A choice must be made between two attractive goals. | 7 | |
1149154119 | Avoidance-avoidance conflict | A choice must be made between two unattractive goals. | 8 | |
1149154120 | Approach-avoidance conflict | A choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects. | 9 | |
1149154121 | Life changes | Any significant alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment. | 10 | |
1149154122 | Pressure | Expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way. | 11 | |
1149154123 | Fight-or-flight response | A physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) an enemy. | 12 | |
1149154124 | General adaptation syndrome | A model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. | 13 | |
1149154125 | Coping | Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress. | 14 | |
1149154126 | Learned helplessness | Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events. | 15 | |
1149154127 | Aggression | Any behavior that is intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally. | 16 | |
1149154128 | Catharsis | The release of emotional tension. | 17 | |
1149154129 | Internet addiction | Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and the inability to control online use. | 18 | |
1149154130 | Defense mechanisms | Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety and guilt. | 19 | |
1149154131 | Constructive coping | Relatively healthful efforts people make to deal with stressful events. | 20 | |
1149154132 | Burnout | Physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and a lowered sense of self-efficacy that can by brought on gradually through chronic work-related stress. | 21 | |
1149154133 | Psychosomatic diseases | Genuine physical ailments that were thought to be caused in part by stress and other psychological factors. | 22 | |
1149154134 | Type A personality | A type of personality that includes three elements: (1) a strong competitive orientation, (2) impatience and time urgency, and (3) anger and hostility. | 23 | |
1149154135 | Type B personality | A type of personality that is marked by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior. | 24 | |
1149154136 | Immune response | The body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances. | 25 | |
1149154137 | Social support | Various types of aid and succor provided by members of one's social networks. | 26 | |
1149154138 | Optimism | A general tendency to expect good outcomes. | 27 | |
1149154139 | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | 28 | |
1149154140 | Catastrophic thinking | Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems. | 29 |