Psychological Disorders
on pages 550 to 593
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| 1149213156 | Medical model | A model that proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease. | 0 | |
| 1149213157 | Diagnosis | Distinguishing one illness from another. | 1 | |
| 1149213158 | Etiology | The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness. | 2 | |
| 1149213159 | Prognosis | A forecast about the probable cause of an illness. | 3 | |
| 1149213160 | Epidemiology | The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population. | 4 | |
| 1149213161 | Prevalence | The percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period. | 5 | |
| 1149213162 | Anxiety disorders | A class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. | 6 | |
| 1149213163 | Generalized anxiety disorder | A chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat. | 7 | |
| 1149213164 | Phobic disorder | A persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger. | 8 | |
| 1149213165 | Panic disorder | Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly. | 9 | |
| 1149213166 | Agorophobia | A fear of going out to public places. | 10 | |
| 1149213167 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and the urge to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions). | 11 | |
| 1149213168 | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event. | 12 | |
| 1149213169 | Concordance rate | The percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder. | 13 | |
| 1149213170 | Somatoform disorders | Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors. | 14 | |
| 1149213171 | Somatization disorder | A disorder that is marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin. | 15 | |
| 1149213172 | Conversion disorder | A disorder that is characterized by significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system. | 16 | |
| 1149213173 | Hypochondriasis (hypochondria) | Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about the developing physical illness. | 17 | |
| 1149213174 | Dissociative disorders | A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity. | 18 | |
| 1149213175 | Dissociative amnesia | A sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. | 19 | |
| 1149213176 | Dissociative fugue | People lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity. | 20 | |
| 1149213177 | Dissociative identity disorder (DID) | Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. | 21 | |
| 1149213178 | Multiple-personality disorder | Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities. | 22 | |
| 1149213179 | Mood disorders | A class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes. | 23 | |
| 1149213180 | Major depressive disorder | People show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure. | 24 | |
| 1149213181 | Dysthymic disorder | Chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of a major depressive episode. | 25 | |
| 1149213182 | Bipolar disorder | The experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression. | 26 | |
| 1149213183 | Manic-depressive disorder | The experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression. | 27 | |
| 1149213184 | Cyclothymic disorder | Chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance. | 28 | |
| 1149213185 | Schizophrenic disorders | A class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior. | 29 | |
| 1149213186 | Delusions | False beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality. | 30 | |
| 1149213187 | Hallucinations | Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input. | 31 | |
| 1149213188 | Paranoid schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecutions, along with delusions of grandeur. | 32 | |
| 1149213189 | Catatonic schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity. | 33 | |
| 1149213190 | Disorganized schizophrenia | Schizophrenia in which a particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen. | 34 | |
| 1149213191 | Undifferentiated schizophrenia | Schizophrenia that is marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms. | 35 | |
| 1149218792 | Negative symptoms | Behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech. | 36 | |
| 1149218793 | Positive symptoms | Behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas. | 37 | |
| 1149213192 | Personality disorders | A class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning. | 38 | |
| 1149213193 | Antisocial personality disorder | Impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms. | 39 | |
| 1149213194 | Insanity | A legal status indicating that a person can not be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness. | 40 | |
| 1149213195 | Involuntary commitment | Where people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will. | 41 | |
| 1149213196 | Culture-bound disorders | Abnormal syndromes only found in a few cultural groups. | 42 | |
| 1149213197 | Eating disorders | Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with one's weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight. | 43 | |
| 1149213198 | Anorexia nervosa | Intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight. | 44 | |
| 1149213199 | Bulimia nervosa | Habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive exercise. | 45 | |
| 1149213200 | Representativeness heuristic | Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event. | 46 | |
| 1149213201 | Comorbidity | The coexistence of two or more disorders. | 47 | |
| 1149213202 | Conjunction fallacy | When people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone. | 48 | |
| 1149213203 | Availability heuristic | The estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. | 49 |
