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Psychology Themes and Variations: Chapter 1 Flashcards

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7359008646StructuralismUsing introspection, analyze the basic elements of consciousness, such as sensations, feelings, and images, and find out how the elements are related.0
7359150696IntrospectionSelf-observation of one's own conscious experience. It's downfall was due to a lack of an independent objective evaluation of a claim.1
7359178262FunctionalismInvestigates the function not the structure of consciousness.2
7359303963Natural SelectionHeritable characteristics which provide survival or reproduction are more likely to be passed on than other characteristics.3
7359319360Behaviorismtheoretical orientation that scientific psychology should study only observable facts.4
7359689843BehaviorAny observable response or activity by an organism5
7359694949StimulusDetectable input from the environment6
7359701072Stimulus-Response (S-R) PsychologyInvestigative approach used by behaviorists7
7359700391UnconsciousThoughts, memories, and desires below the surface of conscious awareness the have a great influence on behavior.8
7360059257psychoanalytic theoryFocuses on unconscious determinants of behavior to explain personality, motivation and mental disorders.9
7360132534HumanismHuman qualities are emphasized (i.e, free, rational, capable of personal growth).10
7360258282Applied Psychology/Counselling PsychologyConcerns everyday practical problems.11
7360264023Clinical PsychologyDeals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.12
7360306261CognitionMental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.13
7360404509EthnocentrismTo view one's own group as superior to others and as a measure for judging the worth of other groups.14
7360532093Evolutionary PsychologyStudies the adaptive value of the behavioral processes of a species over many generations.15
7360592075Positive PsychologyImproves comprehension of the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of life through research and theory.16
7360745732Developmental PsychologyHuman development across the life span.17
7360751042Social PsychologyFocuses on interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces governing behavior.18
7360763540Experimental PsychologyFocuses on the tradional topics which psychology focused on for the first 50 years: sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation, and emotion (C more PLaCES).19
7360844640Psysiological PsychologyExamines the influence of genetic factors and the role of the brain, nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemicals in the regulation of behavior.20
7360871845Cognitive PsychologyFocuses on higher mental processes such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving, decision making and creativity (Cogs Darn PRIMaL)21
7360923014PersonalityFocuses on describing and understanding behavior, factors that shape personality, and personality assessment.22
7360938769PsychometricsFocuses on the measurement of behavior and capacities through the development of psychological tests, the design of tests to assess personality, intelligence, and ability, and the development of new techniques for statistical analysis.23
7360990776PsychiatryConcerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders, more focused on the medical side than clinical psychology.24
7361047374Educational PsychologyDeals with improving curriculum, achievement testing, teacher training, etc.25
7361059728Industrial and Organizational PsychologyDeal with tasks such as running human resource departments, improving staff morale, increasing job satisfaction, examining organizational structures and procedures, etc.26
7370232894EmpiricismKnowledge acquired through observation.27
7370246279TheoryA set of observations explained by a system of interrelated ideas28
7370334937CultureWidely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community which are passed down socially through the generations.29
7370472862SQ3RStudy method: survey, question, read, recite, review.30
7370490085TestwisenessThe ability to use a test's format and characteristics to get the best score possible.31
7370514554Critical ThinkingUsing cognitive skills and strategies to increase the likelihood of a positive outcome.32
7370524440Transcontextual SkillsAlso known as critical thinking skills because they are often relevant in a wide variety of contexts.33

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