Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology (22 terms)
pages 0-35;
Transcribed by alexwyllie
Terms : Hide Images
| 870926214 | Structuralism | A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related. | 0 | |
| 870926207 | Introspection | Careful, systematic observation of one's own conscious experience. | 1 | |
| 870926205 | Functionalism | A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure. | 2 | |
| 870926208 | Natural selection | Principle stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive advantage are more likely than alternate characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be "selected" over time. | 3 | |
| 870926216 | Unconscious | According to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of unconscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior. | 4 | |
| 870926211 | Psychoanalytic theory | A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior. | 5 | |
| 870926197 | Behaviorism | A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior. | 6 | |
| 870926196 | Behavior | Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism. | 7 | |
| 870926206 | Humanism | A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth. | 8 | |
| 870926195 | Applied Psychology | The Branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems. | 9 | |
| 870926198 | Clinical psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders. | 10 | |
| 870926199 | Cognition | The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge. | 11 | |
| 870926203 | Ethnocentrism | The tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways. | 12 | |
| 870926204 | Evolutionary psychology | Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations. | 13 | |
| 870926209 | Positive psychology | Approach to psychology that uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence. | 14 | |
| 870926212 | Psychology | The science that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems. | 15 | |
| 870926210 | Psychiatry | A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders. | 16 | |
| 870926202 | Empiricism | The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation. | 17 | |
| 870926215 | Theory | A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations. | 18 | |
| 870926201 | Culture | The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and any other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations. | 19 | |
| 870926213 | SQ3R | A study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey, question, read, recite, review. | 20 | |
| 870926200 | Critical thinking | The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome. | 21 |
