Variations in Consciousness
on pages 172 to 213
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| 1077628362 | Biological rhythms | Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning. | 0 | |
| 1077628363 | Circadian rhythms | The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species. | 1 | |
| 1077628364 | Slow-wave sleep (SWS) | Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which high amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings. | 2 | |
| 1077628365 | REM sleep | A relatively deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency, low-amplitude brain waves, and vivid dreaming. | 3 | |
| 1077628366 | Non-REM (NREM) sleep | Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity. | 4 | |
| 1077628367 | Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) | The afferent nerve fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal. | 5 | |
| 1077628368 | Insomnia | Chronic problems with getting adequate sleep. | 6 | |
| 1077628369 | Narcolepsy | Sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods. | 7 | |
| 1077628370 | Sleep apnea | Frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep. | 8 | |
| 1077628371 | Nightmares | Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep. | 9 | |
| 1077628372 | Night terrors | Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic. | 10 | |
| 1077628373 | Somnambulism (sleep walking) | A person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep. | 11 | |
| 1077628374 | Manifest content | The plot of a dream at a surface level. | 12 | |
| 1077628375 | Latent content | The hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot. | 13 | |
| 1077628376 | Hypnosis | A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility. | 14 | |
| 1077628377 | Dissociation | A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness. | 15 | |
| 1077628378 | Meditation | A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control. | 16 | |
| 1077628379 | Psychoactive drugs | Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning. | 17 | |
| 1077628380 | Narcotics | Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. | 18 | |
| 1077628381 | Opiates | Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. | 19 | |
| 1077628382 | Sedatives | Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system (CNS) activation and behavioral activity. | 20 | |
| 1077628383 | Stimulants | Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity. | 21 | |
| 1077628384 | Hallucinogens | A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience. | 22 | |
| 1077628385 | Canabis | The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived. | 23 | |
| 1077628386 | Alcohol | A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol. | 24 | |
| 1077628387 | MDMA | A compound drug related to amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline. | 25 | |
| 1077628388 | Tolerance | A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug. | 26 | |
| 1077628389 | Physical dependence | A person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness. | 27 | |
| 1077628390 | Psychological dependence | A person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug. | 28 | |
| 1077628391 | Lucid dreams | Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream. | 29 |
