Human Memory
on pages 258 to 297
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| 1138273836 | Encoding | Forming a memory code. | 0 | |
| 1138273837 | Storage | Maintaining encoded information in memory over time. | 1 | |
| 1138273838 | Retrieval | Recovering information from memory stores. | 2 | |
| 1138273839 | Attention | Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. | 3 | |
| 1138273840 | Levels-of-processing theory | Deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes. | 4 | |
| 1138273841 | Elaboration | Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding. | 5 | |
| 1138273842 | Dual-coding theory | Memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either lead to recall. | 6 | |
| 1138273843 | Self-referent encoding | Deciding how or whether information is personally relevant. | 7 | |
| 1138273844 | Sensory memory | Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of second. | 8 | |
| 1138273845 | Short-term memory (STM) | A limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds. | 9 | |
| 1138273846 | Rehearsal | The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about the information. | 10 | |
| 1138273847 | Chunk | A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit. | 11 | |
| 1138273848 | Long-term memory (LTM) | An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time. | 12 | |
| 1138273849 | Flashbulb memories | Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events. | 13 | |
| 1138273850 | Conceptual hierarchy | A multilevel classification system based on common properties among items. | 14 | |
| 1138273851 | Schema | An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted fro previous experience with the object or event. | 15 | |
| 1138273852 | Semantic network | Nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts. | 16 | |
| 1138273853 | Connectionist models | Cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks. | 17 | |
| 1138273854 | Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models | Cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks. | 18 | |
| 1138273855 | Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon | The temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by the feeling that it's just out of reach. | 19 | |
| 1138273856 | Misinformation effect | Participants' recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event information. | 20 | |
| 1138273857 | Source monitoring | Making attributions about the origins of memories. | 21 | |
| 1138273858 | Source-monitoring error | A memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source. | 22 | |
| 1138273859 | Reality monitoring | The process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources (one's perceptions of actual events) or internal sources (one's thoughts and imaginations). | 23 | |
| 1138273860 | Nonsense syllables | Consonant-vowel-consonant arrangements that do not correspond to words. | 24 | |
| 1138273861 | Forgetting curve | Graphs retention and forgetting over time. | 25 | |
| 1138273862 | Retention | The proportion of material retained (remembered). | 26 | |
| 1138273863 | Recall | A measure of retention that requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any clues. | 27 | |
| 1138273864 | Recognition | A measure of retention that requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options. | 28 | |
| 1138273865 | Relearning | A measure of retention that requires a subject to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or how many practice trials are saved by having it learned it before. | 29 | |
| 1138273866 | Decay theory | Forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time. | 30 | |
| 1138273867 | Interference theory | People forget information because of competition from other material. | 31 | |
| 1138273868 | Retroactive interference | When new information impairs the retention of previously learned information. | 32 | |
| 1138273869 | Proactive interference | When previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information. | 33 | |
| 1138273870 | Encoding specificity principle | The value of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code. | 34 | |
| 1138273871 | Transfer-appropriate processing | When the initial processing of information in similar to the type of processing required by subsequent measure of retention. | 35 | |
| 1138273872 | Repression | Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious. | 36 | |
| 1138273873 | Long-term potentiation (LTP) | A long-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses along a specific neural pathway. | 37 | |
| 1138273874 | Retrograde amnesia | The loss of memories for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia. | 38 | |
| 1138273875 | Anterograde amnesia | The loss of memories for events that occur after the onset of amnesia. | 39 | |
| 1138273876 | Consolidation | A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory. | 40 | |
| 1138273877 | Declarative memory system | Handles factual information. | 41 | |
| 1138273878 | Non-declarative memory system | Houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses, and emotional responses. | 42 | |
| 1138273879 | Episodic memory system | Chronological, or temporally dated, recollections of personal experience. | 43 | |
| 1138273880 | Semantic memory system | General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned. | 44 | |
| 1138273881 | Prospective memory | Remembering to perform actions in the future. | 45 | |
| 1138273882 | Retrospective memory | Remembering events from the past or previously learned information. | 46 | |
| 1138273883 | Mnemonic devices | Strategies for enhancing memory. | 47 | |
| 1138273884 | Overlearning | Continued rehearsal of material after you have mastered it. | 48 | |
| 1138273885 | Serial-position effect | When subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than in the middle. | 49 | |
| 1138273886 | Link method | Forming a mental image of items to be remembered in a way that links them all together. | 50 | |
| 1138273887 | Method of loci | Taking an imaginary walk along a familiar path where images of items to be remembered are associated with certain locations. | 51 | |
| 1138273888 | Hindsight bias | The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out. | 52 |
