Special Cases and treatments- self study module
ONLY also look at chemical agents for test 43
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| 196057195 | abrasions | "scraping injuries", resulting in the formation of a hard, brown surface | 0 | |
| 196057196 | sandpaper, emory cloth, slicing with scalpel | remove surface irregularities after embalming (esp. with abrasions) so that they will not protrude through the applied wax surface use: | 1 | |
| 196057197 | opaque masking undercoat | what should be applied to the affect area (abrasion)? | 2 | |
| 196057198 | cosmetic undercoat | the third step in treating an abrasion is to apply wax, excersing care not to alter the: | 3 | |
| 196057199 | flatness | The greatest fault in wax surfacing is: | 4 | |
| 196057200 | highest point of the area treated | Apply wax to the center of the abrased area, feathering outward to the margins of the abrasion, keeping the center of the abrasion as the: | 5 | |
| 196057201 | "buttering" | what should be avoided in the treatment of abrasions, as the wax over the area as such a practice will tend to dislodge the underlying cosmetic undercoat. | 6 | |
| 196057202 | normal complexion | the fourth step in the treatment of abrasions is to adjust wax color to duplicate what coloring of the individual? | 7 | |
| 196057203 | fifth step in the treatment of abrasions | reproduce skin texture and associated facial markings | 8 | |
| 196057204 | lacerations | irregularly torn or jagged wounds, ranging from small scratches to deep wounds in the tissue | 9 | |
| 196057205 | classifications of lacerations | may be either minor or major | 10 | |
| 196057206 | minor laceration | a scratch | 11 | |
| 196057207 | minor laceration | to treat, cover the affected area with a cosmetically adjusted wax | 12 | |
| 196057208 | powder incision sealer | in the case of a major laceration, fill the area with: | 13 | |
| 196057209 | intradermal suturing | if the margins of a major laceration can be returned to normal contact- utilize bond adhesive or employ: | 14 | |
| 196057210 | basket weave suture | if the margins of a major laceration cannot be returned to normal contact- utilize: | 15 | |
| 196057211 | wax | to complete each manner of treatment in a major laceration, apply: | 16 | |
| 196057212 | major laceration | a) fill area with powder incision sealer, b) employ either bond adhesive or intradermal suturing for margins that can be returned to normal contact c) or utilize basket weave suture if they margins cannot be returned to normal contact d) apply wax | 17 | |
| 196057213 | burns | classified according to their affect upon body tissues | 18 | |
| 196057215 | first degree burn | results in a reddening of the skin; treatment requires simple cosmetic correction | 19 | |
| 196057216 | second degree burn | results in acute inflammation of the skin, accompanied by blisters, singed hair, and swollen eyes and lips; to treat you must puncture all blisters present before embalming | 20 | |
| 196057218 | second degree burn | 1) puncture all blisters present before embalming 2) densely apply massage cream or petroleum jelly 3) remove all loose tissues after embalming- apply cavity fluid compress for a few hours 4) seal "affected areas" if oozing is present 5) complete treatment same as abrasion 6) singed hair may be darkened by use of an eyebrow pencil or hair restoration | 21 | |
| 196057219 | third degree burn | involves the destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues | 22 | |
| 196057220 | third degree burn | other associated problems- charring, highly edematous condition of the body (if the individual lives for a period of time following the infliction of the burns) and extreme mummification | 23 | |
| 196057221 | third degree burn | burns inflicted or occurring after death are classified as: | 24 | |
| 196057222 | third degree burn | deodorizing and preserving may be only options available to restorative artists in extreme cases | 25 | |
| 196057223 | injected hypodermically | in the treatment of third degree burns, after embalming all unpreserved areas should be: | 26 | |
| 196057224 | excised | in the treatment of third degree burns, after embalming, all charred areas should be: | 27 | |
| 196057225 | reduce apparent swellings | external pressure, exectric spatula, surgical reduction | 28 | |
| 196057226 | on seared tissues | place gauze on the area and paint with a liquid sealer to create a base for restorative wax | 29 | |
| 196057227 | highly edematous body | especially in the case of a third degree burn, reduce swelling through the application of external pressure, heat from the electric spatula, injection of constricting agents, or by lancing followed by external pressure | 30 | |
| 196057228 | mummified remains | advanced dehydration under extreme heat; utilize wax to fill out sunken contours | 31 | |
| 196057230 | third degree burn | -deoderize/preserve; hypodermic injection; excision of charred tissues; reduction of swelling, esp. in edematous bodies; wax building; | 32 | |
| 196057231 | bleaching agent | a chemical substance that lightens (blanches) a skin discoloration | 33 | |
| 196057232 | lightening | bleaches on tissue may have what effect on skin color? | 34 | |
| 196057233 | dehydration | bleaching agents may have what effect on the moisture content of normal skin- due to their harsh effect- actually may burn the skin, causing: | 35 | |
| 196057234 | enhanced | bleaching agents may have what effect on surface preservation- depending on the bleaching agent used (for example, cavity fluid), surface preservation of tissues may be: | 36 | |
| 196057235 | methods of applying bleaching agents | surface compress; hypodermic injection of cavity fluid; alternate method of applying alcohol/phenol washes; | 37 | |
| 196057236 | surface compress | cavity fluid, mortuary bleaches, sodium hypochlorite (laundry bleach) | 38 | |
| 196057237 | hypodermic injection of cavity fluid | least effective technique because of the lack of control of its distribution through the tissues (i.e. leaching into surrounding tissues) | 39 | |
| 196057238 | hypodermic injection of cavity fluid | associated problems with this method of bleaching: -leakage -dehydration -problems in cosmetic application | 40 | |
| 196057239 | emergency treatment | alternate washes of alcohol and phenol- can be used when time for extended bleaching treatment is not available. | 41 | |
| 196057240 | critical | alternate washes of alcohol and pheol are a technique utilized when speed is: | 42 | |
| 196209577 | cotton swab/ small brush | the "emergency" treatment consists of the application of phenol followed by isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) wash using a: | 43 | |
| 196209578 | isopropyl alcohol | Serves to buffer the harsh effects of phenol | 44 | |
| 196209579 | permanent | the emergency treatment bleaching can cause the discoloration to re-appear as the effects are not: | 45 | |
| 196209580 | excessive | ________ use of phenol applications may have a harmful effect upon both the dead human remains and the practicioner | 46 | |
| 196209581 | before | when should temporary sutures be utilized in embalming to maintain proper position of the tissues in an excision and deep cavity restorations | 47 | |
| 196209582 | after embalming, the following must be performed: | 1) diseased tissues must be completely excised 2) hard and dehydrated tissues at the margin of the large cavity should be carefully trimmed 3) undercut the margins of the caivty | 48 | |
| 196209583 | locking | undercut the margins of the cavity in the excision and deep cavity restorations, so the wax under the edge of the cavity provides some degree of support | 49 | |
| 196209584 | tapering | when undercutting the margins of the cavity in the excision and deep cavity restorations, doing this to the wax over the outer margins of the cavity (as the edges will depress slightly when undercut | 50 | |
| 196209585 | basket weave suture | When undercutting the margins of the cavity in an excision and deep cavity restoration, this suture will not have to be performed intradermally (under the surface); the needle will have to be passed only through the external depressed surface edges of the cavity | 51 | |
| 196209586 | dry the deep tissue surfaces | time permitting- application of a cavity fluid pack to the cavity for four or more hours when treating the excision and deep cavity restorations | 52 | |
| 196209587 | immediate | required restoration of an excision and deep cavity restoration using hypodermic injection of undiluted embalming fluid in to the affected tissues should be: | 53 | |
| 196209588 | after drying | in the treatment of an excision and deep tissues restoration, the tissues should be seared when? | 54 | |
| 196209589 | phenol (carbolic acid) | in the excision and deep tissue restoration skin my be dried and seared, exercising care to aviod contact with external skin surfaces useing a mortuary chemical or: | 55 | |
| 196209590 | sear the tissues | in the excision and deep tissue restoration skin may be treated by applying heat using the electric spatula to: | 56 | |
| 196209591 | liquid sealer | provides a barrier against potential leakage; to prevent possible displacement of the restoration | 57 | |
| 196209592 | excision and deep tissue restoration | 1) temporary sutures before embalming 2) excision after embalming 3) dry deep tissues 4) sear tissues 5) apply liquid sealer 6) apply deep filler 7) suture caivty margins 8) wax surfacing 9) reproduce skin texture/facial markings 10) application of cosmetics | 58 | |
| 196209593 | 1/4 inch | normally, the filler is carried to within what measurement of the cavity surface? | 59 | |
| 196209594 | deep filling | - liquid sealer and cotton - cotton and plaster-of-paris - wound filler wax | 60 | |
| 196209595 | basket weave suture | when treating excisions and deep tissue restoration suture the caivity margins using what suture: | 61 | |
| 196209596 | intradermally | when treating excisions and deep tissue restoration, the stitches can be made through the skin if the cavity margins have been undercut; otherwise the suture is performed: | 62 | |
| 196209597 | stitches | in an excision and deep tissue restoration, these are not drawn tightly together; their purpose is to hold the margins of the caivty in postion and to support wax or other restorative materials | 63 | |
| 196209598 | cross stiches | when treating the excision or deep tissue restoration, wax surfacing the first wax application is embedded in the: | 64 | |
| 196209599 | surface contour | when treating the excision or deep tissue restoration, the application of additional wax to achieve (i.e. note surface treatement of abrasions) | 65 | |
| 196209600 | borders | the purpose of an incision is to hold ________ together. | 66 | |
| 196209601 | excess | gather and turn under ________ tissues: | 67 | |
| 196209602 | position | purpose of sutures is to hold flaps of skin in _________ during embalming. | 68 | |
| 196209603 | distortion | the purpose of sutures is to correct ________ from sagging muscles | 69 | |
| 196209604 | fixed | the purpose of sutures is to hold the margin of a deep wound in a _______ position | 70 | |
| 196209605 | anchor | the purpose of sutures is to form a mesh to ________ wax and other restorative materials | 71 | |
| 196209606 | anchor | the purpose of sutures is to ________ deep filler | 72 | |
| 196209607 | circle | the purpose of sutures is to _______ and hold the margins of a hole | 73 | |
| 196209608 | armature | the purpose of sutures is to serve as a: | 74 | |
| 196209609 | attach | the purpose of sutures is to _______ a hair patch | 75 | |
| 196209610 | types of sutures (waxed or unwaxed) | linen silk nylon cotton | 76 | |
| 196209611 | types of needles employed for suturing | crescent- curved; "U" shape | 77 | |
| 196209612 | intradermal sutures | crescent- curved, with non-cutting edges | 78 | |
| 196209613 | all other sutures | "U" shape thumb needle, with cutting edges | 79 | |
| 196209614 | hemostat (needle holder) | reccommended to insert and withdraw needles when suturing | 80 | |
| 196209615 | intradermal (hidden) | suturing pattern is performed beneath the surface of the skin; the needle does not pierce the surface tissues | 81 | |
| 196209616 | intradermal (hidden) | purpose- to hold the margins of clean cuts (incisions) together; may be performed before of after embalming | 82 | |
| 196209617 | types of intradermal sutures | single; double; worm suture (inversion) | 83 | |
| 196209618 | single intradermal suture | made with one neede and one piece of ligature; has value only when there is no tension that draws the margins apart | 84 | |
| 196209619 | double intradermal suture | made with two needles and a single piece of ligature; has greater holding ability than does the single intradermal suture | 85 | |
| 196209620 | worm suture | also known as the inversion stitch;performed after embalming with a cutting edge needle | 86 | |
| 196209621 | worm suture | primary purpose- to gather in, turn under, excess skin tissues | 87 | |
| 196209622 | worm suture | when properly executed, suture pattern is not visible, so it can be used on exposed surfaces and easily covered with wax | 88 | |
| 196209623 | worm suture | the pattern resembles that of the single intradermal suture in that there is no piercing of the margins of the incision. It is made, however, within the derma of the margins | 89 | |
| 196209624 | bridge stitch | also known as the interrupted stitch | 90 | |
| 196209625 | bridge stitch | serves primarily as a temporary stitch; each stitch is individually tied and cut individually | 91 | |
| 196209626 | purse string suture | purpose- to hold the margins of small holes in postion using a cutting-edge needle | 92 | |
| 196209627 | SEPARATELY | in the case of a decapitation, the head and trunk are embalmed __________; with the ligation of vessels as needed | 93 | |
| 196209628 | wooden dowel rod (metal rod) | utilized to connect the head of the torso | 94 | |
| 196209629 | foramen magnum | in the decapitation case, the lower end is typically wired to the vertebral column, while the upper end is inserted into the: | 95 | |
| 196209630 | lateral splinting | in the case of a decapitation, this may also be required to establish this particular dimension of the neck size | 96 | |
| 196209631 | suture | severed muscles must be repositioned into their proper location with | 97 | |
| 196209632 | skin slip (desquamation) | the separation of the dermis from the epidermis as a result of decomposition; created by utilization of an embalming fluid that is too dilute in an attempt to retain natural textures of skin tissues | 98 | |
| 196209633 | skin slip (desquamation) | may require a re-embalming of the part involved or a complete re-embalming of the entire body with high index fluid- or hypodermically inject all unpreserved areas with undiluted embalming fluid | 99 | |
| 196209634 | skin slip (desquamation) | remove all loose tissues and apply a cavity fluid compress | 100 | |
| 196209635 | skin slip (desquamation) | if the area is not exposed or viewable: -paint with a liquid sealer and wrap the area with plastic If the area is exposed: -treat in the same manner as an abrasion | 101 | |
| 196209636 | fractures | classified as simple or compound | 102 | |
| 196209637 | simple fracture | characterized by no break in the skin | 103 | |
| 196209638 | compound fracture | characterized when the broken bones pierce the skin | 104 | |
| 196209639 | factures | if they distort the physiognomic form of the surface tissues should be corrected, if possible, before embalming procedures | 105 | |
| 196209640 | fractures | massage cream should be liberally used to inhibit the dehydrating effect of leakage which typically accompanies the embalming process- also swollen and discolored tissues should be treated with a cavity fluid compress during/after embalming. prie back depressed fractures. | 106 | |
| 196209641 | depressed fractures | may be pied back into alignment, wired together, splintered together, or bridged with wiring or artificial filling materials, such as plaster-of-paris or cotton and liquid sealer | 107 | |
| 196209642 | simple cranial fractures (fractured nasal bones) | may be supported with a filling material, such as cotton and liquid sealer or plaster-of-paris | 108 | |
| 196209643 | over-riding factures | may be reset by impact of the restorative artist's hand upon the affected area | 109 | |
| 196209644 | plaster of paris | -to serve as a base for a deep cavity restoration - may be modeled or shaped to recreate the form of destroyed bony structures - may be used in attaching dismembered parts (bandages) - may be utilized in mask making (face and hands) | 110 | |
| 196209645 | hasten (speed up) setting of plaster of paris | - table salt - warm water - excess stirring of the plaster soultion | 111 | |
| 196209646 | retard (slow down) setting of plaster of paris | -vinegar -cold water | 112 | |
| 196209647 | mold | development of this on a body primarily becomes a problem when remains are held for an extended time period before final disposition or on the disinterred body | 113 | |
| 196209648 | mold | thrives on moisture and in moist, damp environments | 114 | |
| 196209649 | inhibit (retard) the development of mold | - petroleum jelly - massage cream - moth ball crystals (placed in the casket shell and with casket closed) | 115 | |
| 196209650 | eliminate established mold growth | - creoste (cresol)- 1% solution - phenol- 1% solution - half and half mixture of methyl alcohol (methanol) and acetic acid (vinegar) | 116 | |
| 196209651 | mold | once removed from an exposed area, the area should receive the same treatment as would an abrasion | 117 | |
| 196209652 | discolored nails | can be removed by the embalming process | 118 | |
| 196209653 | fingernail file | after embalming, the nail may be lifted by careful insertion of a: | 119 | |
| 196209654 | business card | may be trimmed to the required shape and inserted beneath the fingernail to conceal the discoloration | 120 | |
| 196209655 | outer nail surface | should then be colored to match the coloring of the other nails | 121 | |
| 196209656 | opaque liquid cosmetic | may be applied underneath the discolored nail, with the surface of the nail tinted to match the other fingernails | 122 | |
| 196209657 | opaque liquid cosmetic | liquid is preferable as it will not rub off after it dies; a cream may be used but care must be exercised to aviod soiling of cakset interior or burial clothing | 123 | |
| 196209658 | drying powder | must be applied if opaque cream cosmetic is used in disguising nail discolorations | 124 | |
| 196209659 | rifle and pistol wounds | -small point enterance - larger and oftentimes shattered point of exit -infiltration of blood into the eyelids - swollen and distended eyelids | 125 | |
| 196209660 | shotgun wounds | - fractures of bony structures - extensive damage to the facial features, scalp and facial tissues | 126 | |
| 196209661 | penetrating wounds (gun shot wounds) | - remains should be embalmed with a strong preservative solution (high index) under relatively low pressures; face and other affected visible areas should be creamed heavily before the embalming process is initiated | 127 | |
| 196209662 | cotton | during embalming, and when leakage has turned relatively clear, the bullet hole should be plugged with: | 128 | |
| 196209663 | bullet hole | may produce dehyrated tissue margins which should be excised if necessary | 129 | |
| 196209664 | a base/ foundation for restorative art materials | following embalming, replace the original cotton plug with a fresh plug and paint with a liquid sealer to provide | 130 | |
| 196209665 | swellings | may be treated with application of heat from the electric spatula, methods of external pressure, or applications of surface compress of cavity fluid | 131 | |
| 196209666 | discolorations | may be treated with surface compresses of cavity fluid of other bleaching agent | 132 | |
| 196209667 | powder burns | must be masked with an opaque cosmetic and waxed | 133 | |
| 196209668 | leakage (from nose and ears) | may be plugged with cotton as necessary | 134 | |
| 196315339 | scabs | prior to embalming, should be heavily creamed with massage cream or petroleum jelly; typically removed AFTER embalming procedures have been completed | 135 | |
| 196315340 | scabs | removal should be done by prying with the edge of the scalpel; once removed surface will be very irregular and will require wax application (cosmetics alone are not sufficent) | 136 | |
| 196315341 | vinegar or cutile remover | obstinate scabs may be painted with what to aid in their removal? | 137 | |
| 196315342 | oozing scabs | must be dried with a cotton compress of cavity fluid or local application of phenol; affected area should be painted with a quick drying liquid sealer before applying wax | 138 |
