Terms : Hide Images
| 13559493 | Middle Ages | The period in western European historyfrom the decline and fall of the Roman Empire until the 15th century. | 0 | |
| 13559494 | Gothic | An architectual style developed during the Midlde Ages in western Europe; feature pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on external walls. | 1 | |
| 13559495 | Vikings | Seagoing Scandinavian raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway that disrupted the costal areas of western Europe from the 8th century to the 11th centuries. | 2 | |
| 13559496 | Manoralism | System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the MIddle Ages. | 3 | |
| 13559497 | Serfs | Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages. | 4 | |
| 13559498 | Mold Board | Heavy plow introduecd in norther Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation ofheavier soils; a technological innovation of the midieval agricultural system. | 5 | |
| 13559499 | Three Field System | System of agricultural cultivationby 9th century in western Europe; included one-third in spring grains,Invaded one-third fallow. | 6 | |
| 13559500 | Clovis | Early Frankish king; converted Franks to Christianity c.496; allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom. | 7 | |
| 13559501 | Carolingians | Royal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century. | 8 | |
| 13559502 | Charles Martel | Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | 9 | |
| 13559503 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great; Caolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany. | 10 | |
| 13559504 | Holy Roman Emperor | Emperors in northern Italy and Germany following the split of Charlemagne's empire; claimed title of emperor c. 10th century; failed to develope centralized monarchy in Germany. | 11 | |
| 13559505 | Feudalism | The social organization created during the Middle Ages by exchanging grants of land or fiefs in return for formal oaths of allegiance and promises of loyal service. | 12 | |
| 13559506 | Vassals | Members of the military elite in the Middle Ages who recieved land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. | 13 | |
| 13559507 | Captians | French royal house that ruled from 987 to 1328. | 14 | |
| 13559508 | William The Conqueror | Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England. | 15 | |
| 13559509 | Magna Carta | Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy. | 16 | |
| 13559510 | Parliaments | Bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult with their vassals; found in England, Spain, and France. | 17 | |
| 13559511 | Hundred Years' War | Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possesed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national statues. | 18 | |
| 13559512 | Pope Urban II | Called for the First Crusade in 1095; appealing to the piety of the West's rulers and common people. | 19 | |
| 13559513 | St. Clair of Assisi | Exemplified this new spirit of purity and dedication to the church. | 20 | |
| 13559514 | Gregory VII | Pope during the 11th century who attempted to free Church from interference of feudal lords; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture. | 21 | |
| 13559515 | Peter Abelard | Author of Yes And No; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine. | 22 | |
| 13559516 | St. Bernard Of Claivaux | A powerful monk; successfully callenged Abelard; stressed the importance of mustical union with God; believed that reason was dangerous and proud and that God's truth must be recieve from faith alone. | 23 | |
| 13559517 | Thomas Aquinas | Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of several Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God. | 24 | |
| 13559518 | Schdasticism | Dominant midieval philosophical approach; so-called because of it's base in school and unversities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems. | 25 | |
| 13559519 | Troubadours | One of a class of lyric poets and poet-musicians often of knightly rank who flourished from the 11th to the end of the 13th century chiefly in the south of France and the north of Italy; major theme was courtly love. | 26 | |
| 13559520 | Hanseatic League | An organization of cities in norther Germany for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance. | 27 | |
| 13559521 | Jacques Coeur | One of Europe's most extrordinary merchants; demonstrated the opportunities and risks of new forms of trade. | 28 | |
| 13559522 | Guilds | Sworn associations of people in the same business or trade in a single city. | 29 | |
| 13559523 | Black Death | Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure. | 30 |
