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303417082IslamThe new faith that took hold in the Middle East.0
303417083MuslimsFollowers of Islam.1
303417084MohammadWho Allah (God) transmitted his words to the faithful through.2
303417085Qu'ranthe sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina3
303417086Five Pillars of IslamDeclaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage4
303417087Meccaa place that attracts many visitors5
303417088Medinathe ancient quarter of many cities in northern Africa6
303417089Theocracya political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)7
303417090Caliphatethe office of a caliph8
303417091Dome of the RockBuilt on Temple Mount in Jerusalem.9
303417092Justinian Codethe legal code of ancient Rome10
303417093JustinianByzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians11
303417094Byzantine EmpireHistorians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250)12
303417095Popethe head of the Roman Catholic Church13
303417096Orthodox Christianityseparate branch of Christianity practiced in the Byzantine Empire14
318527359Columbian ExchangeThe exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.15
318527360Queen IsabellaQueen of Spain who gave Columbus the ships and sailors to sail to the new world16
318527361Henry VIIIson of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 154717
318527362Spanish Armadathe great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 158818
318527363Charles Ison of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland19
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