Reconstruction
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| 441608149 | 13th | amendment that officially BANNED SLAVERY in the US | |
| 441608150 | 14th | amendment that granted CITIZENSHIP to African-Americans | |
| 441608151 | 15th | amendment that gave VOTING rights to African-American MEN | |
| 441608152 | sharecropping | economic method that was used in the South after the war; did not allow African-Americans to move up in society | |
| 441608153 | black codes | laws that were passed to limit African-American freedoms in the South after the Civil War | |
| 441608154 | carpetbagger | Northern Republicans who went to the South to make $$$ and rebuild | |
| 441608155 | scalawag | white Southern Republicans who supported the North during the war | |
| 441608156 | Freedman's Bureau | created in 1865 by congress; provided support for the poor in the South, especially EDUCATION | |
| 441608158 | John Wilkes Booth | assassin of Abraham Lincoln | |
| 441608159 | Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's vice president, was impeached because Congress thought he was abusing his power | |
| 441608160 | impeach | the act of removing someone from office; requires 2/3rds of Senate to pass | |
| 441608162 | Reconstruction | process of reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War | |
| 441608166 | Wade-Davis Bill | name for Congress' plan for Reconstruction; more harsh than President's | |
| 441608167 | segregation | forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places | |
| 441608168 | poll tax | charging money in order to vote; used to prevent African-Americans from voting | |
| 441608169 | Ulysses S. Grant | President during the Panic of 1873, battled corruption in his cabinet | |
| 441608170 | Panic of 1873 | one of the biggest depressions in American history, occurs during Reconstruction | |
| 441608171 | Compromise of 1877 | an agreement between Republicans & Democrats that ENDED Reconstruction | |
| 441608172 | Rutherford B. Hayes | man who became president after the Compromise of 1877, Republican | |
| 441608174 | depression | an extended period of time when the economy of a country is poor | |
| 441608176 | Thomas Nast | "Father of American Cartoons"; drew political cartoons during Reconstruction; created popular images of Santa, Uncle Sam, and the Donkey / Elephant political symbols | |
| 441608179 | Nathan Bedford Forrest | Confederate general who after the war formed the KKK | |
| 441608180 | Ku Klux Klan | group of white Southerners who intimidated and used violence to prevent African Americans from achieving equality in the South after the Civil War | |
| 441608181 | Reconstruction Act of 1867 | required Southern states to approve new constitutions and set up a five districts led by Union generals to keep the peace | |
| 441608182 | Election of 1876 | one of the closest elections in US History; caused the end of Reconstruction | |
| 441608184 | Johnson's Plan | Reconstruction plan nicknamed "Restoration"; did not punish the South except for the rich & highest ranking Confederate officers; opposed equal rights for African Americans | |
| 441608185 | Lincoln's Plan | Reconstruction plan that required 10% of the population to swear loyalty; granted amnesty to all Southerners except Confederate leaders; required new Constitution | |
| 441608186 | ratify | to approve a law or amendment | |
| 441608187 | amnesty | an offical pardon; prevents you from being trialed for a crime later | |
| 441608188 | veto | President's "check" on the Legislative Branch; can reject a bill | |
| 441608189 | override | Congress' "check" on the Executive Branch; can overrule a presidential veto with a 2/3 vote in both the Senate & House | |
| 441608191 | Tenure of Office Act | created by the Radical Republicans to try and limit the president's power; required all personnel firings to be approved by Congress; Johnson ignored it | |
| 441608192 | Edwin Stanton | Sec. of War during the Civil War; took charge after Lincoln was assassinated; was dismissed by Johnson ultimately leading to his impeachment trial | |
| 441608193 | scandel | Something illegal and/or immoral that is often times covered up during a presidency; Grant's cabinet was target of three of these | |
| 441608194 | Whiskey Ring | scandal during Grant's presidency when his cabinet members siphoned tax money from alcohol into their own bank accounts | |
| 441608198 | amendment | official change to the Constitution | |
| 441608200 | integration | public areas that allowed BOTH white and African American people | |
| 441608201 | New Slavery | nickname for the Sharecropping system in the South | |
| 441608204 | Coinage Act of 1873 | required all currency in the US to be backed by GOLD; helped cause the Panic of 1873 | |
| 441608205 | railroad | the major cause of the Panic of 1873; speculation in this caused the banks who funded it to fail | |
| 441608206 | Panic of 1873 & Whiskey Ring | two major causes for the loss of the Republicans during the Elections of 1874 and 1876 | |
| 441608207 | deflation | when there is not enough money available for a population; SHORTAGE of $$$ | |
| 441608208 | inflation | when there is too much money causing the value of the money to go down; SURPLUS of $$$ | |
| 441608209 | Lincoln | president who's assassination doomed Reconstruction from the start | |
| 441608210 | Chinese Exclusion Act | law passed by Congress during Hayes' presidency that banned a group of people from moving to the United States; Hayes' vetoed the bill but it became law two years later in 1883 | |
| 441608211 | Civil Rights Act of 1866 | guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race or color, were entitled to the same treatment in public areas (inns, theatres, etc.) - ruled unconstitutional during the Slaughterhouse Cases | |
| 441608214 | cash crops | plants that are grown in an area and sold for profit; the region depends on them | |
| 441608215 | literacy test | some states required African Americans to take these to prove they were educated enough to vote; Jim Crow Law | |
| 441608216 | grandfather clause | Southern states did not allow African Americans to vote if any of their relatives had been a slave; Jim Crow Law | |
| 441608217 | Jim Crow laws | series of state laws passed after 1877 that segregated African Americans and whites; some placed requirements on African Americans prior to voting | |
| 441608218 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case that legalized segregation in the US as long as it was "equal" |
