Terms : Hide Images
| 736596379 | What does ecclesiastical mean? | of or relating to the Christian Church (or its clergy)-- clerical | |
| 736596380 | What are benefices? | church offices | |
| 736596381 | What is the laity? | ordinary people -- not the clergy | |
| 732800511 | What is simony? | the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges (church offices) | |
| 732800512 | What is nepotism | the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, etc., especially by giving them jobs | |
| 732800513 | What is pluralism? | when high churchmen held several benefices at the same time | |
| 736596382 | What is absenteeism? | when high churchmen appointed to church offices rarely attended to the duties of the position appointed or didn't at all-- goes hand in hand with pluralism-- Cardinals took office and often appointed a poor parish priest to minister to the people, then paid him a pittance while they themselves raked in large sums of money from the church tax. | |
| 732800514 | When did criticism of the abusive practices of the Catholic church mount? | the sixteenth century | |
| 732800515 | What are indulgences? | the remission of temporal punishment due for sins (paying to not be punished for sins) | |
| 732800516 | What specific action of the Church angered Luther and led to the religious split in western Christendom? | the sale of indulgences by Tetzel | |
| 732800517 | What were the ninety-five theses? | posted by Martin Luther in protest of clerical abuses, especially the sale of indulgences | |
| 732800518 | What was the Diet of Worms? | Series of imperial meetings at the bishop's palace at Worms in the Rhineland where Luther defended his doctrines before the emperor Charles V. On 18 April Luther declared his final refusal to recant those doctrines, and on 26 May Charles V issued an imperial Edict condemning those doctrines | |
| 732800519 | What was the Peace of Augsburg? | An agreement between Charles V and an alliance of Lutheran princes which enabled the princes to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the practiced religion in their respective lands. Weakened the power of the Holy Roman Emperor and strengthened that of the nobility | |
| 732800520 | What is Calvinism? | major branch of Christianity-- follows practice of John Calvin--- broke with the Roman Catholic Church but differed with Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Lord's supper, theories of worship, and God's law, etc. | |
| 732800521 | What is predestination? | the idea that eternal salvation is determined by omniscient, omnipotent, and inscrutable God | |
| 732800522 | What was the Council of Trent? | a meeting of Catholic clergy designed to reform the Church and try to secure reconciliation with Protestants | |
| 732800523 | Who were the Jesuits? | extreme Catholics | |
| 732800524 | Who led the Jesuits? | Ignatius Loyola | |
| 732800525 | What was the Inquisition? | Roman Catholic Church "fighting against heretics" Spanish -established by Ferdinand and Isabella (maintain Catholic orthodoxy) | |
| 732800526 | what was the index? | a list of prohibited books by the Church | |
| 732800527 | Who was Caravaggio? | Italian artist contrast, dramatic lighting, baroque WORKS: Judith Beheading Holofernes | |
| 732800528 | Who was Bernini? | Italian artist and prominent architect created the Baroque style of sculpture WORKS: St. Peter's colonade ; Ecstasy of St. Theresa ; Apollo and Daphne | |
| 732800529 | Who was Rubens? | prolific Flemish baroque painter emphasized movement, color, and sensuality counter-reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, allegorical/mythological subjects WORKS: The Massacre of the Innocents ; Venus ; The Judgment of Paris | |
| 732800530 | Who was El Greco? | painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance Not concerned with classicist criteria (proportion), more concerned with grace and intuition and imagination Regarded color as the most important element of painting | |
| 732800531 | What is baroque? | style of EXAGGERATED motion, drama, tension, exuberance, grandeur | |
| 732800532 | Who was beheaded for refusing to acknowledge publicly Henry VIII's supremacy and not approving of his divorce and marriage? | Sir Thomas More | |
| 732800533 | Who coined the term "Renaissance"? | Giorgio Vasari | |
| 732800534 | What were the "isms" of the Renaissance? | rationalism, secularism, individualism, and humanism | |
| 732800535 | What were condottieri? | mercenary soldiers | |
| 732800536 | Who was Michelangelo? | Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, engineer David, The Creation of Adam, Pieta, Sistine Chapel ceiling | |
| 732800537 | Who was Benvenuto Cellini? | Italian goldsmith, sculptor, and painter important artist of Mannerism WORKS: Perseus with the Head of Medusa ; Saliera ; | |
| 732800538 | What work is Castiglione known for? | The Courtier | |
| 732800539 | What work is Machiavelli known for? | The Prince | |
| 732800540 | Who was da Vinci? | Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, botanist, writer WORKS: The Last Supper ; Mona Lisa ; Vitruvian Man ; Lady with an Ermine | |
| 732800541 | Who was Raphael? | prolific Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance work admired for clarity of form and ease of composition WORKS: The School of Athens ; The Coronation of the Virgin ; Deposition of Christ | |
| 732800542 | Who was Botticelli? | Italian painter under patronage of Lorenzo de Medici WORKS: Birth of Venus ; Primavera ; Venus and Mars | |
| 732800543 | Who was Lorenzo Valla? | Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator best known for textual analysis that proved the Donation of Constantine was a forgery | |
| 732800544 | Who wrote Praise of Folly? | Erasmus | |
| 732800545 | Who wrote Utopia? | Thomas More | |
| 736596383 | How educated were the clergy? | Although the Church had standard of education, bishops didn't enforce them Parish priests were less educated than the educated laity Many priests couldn't read or write and mumbled Latin words they didn't know | |
| 736596384 | What horrified humanists most about the Church? | Clerical ignorance | |
| 736596385 | What was the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation? | The Ninety-Five Theses | |
| 736596386 | What is transubstantiation? | belief that in the Eucharist, the substance of the bread and wine used in sacrament is LITERALLY changed into the substance of the body and blood of Jesus | |
| 736596387 | What is consubstantiation? | belief that during the sacrament the fundamental "substance" of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present | |
| 736596388 | Examples of the baroque style? | Rubens, Bernini, Barocci (painting/sculpture/architecture) Bach and Handel (music) | |
| 736691328 | What was Decameron? | documents life in 14th century Italy by Boccaccio criticizes the churchmen | |
| 736691329 | What were the Canterbury Tales? | Criticism of the Church through stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer | |
| 736691330 | The Imitation of Christ was written by whom? | Thomas a Kempis | |
| 736691331 | What was The Imitation of Christ? | urged readers to use the life of Christ as the perfect example of Christian living (Medieval WWJD) by Kempis | |
| 736691332 | Who was Zwingli? | scholar and preacher who moved to zurich led the movement in the Swiss Confederation | |
| 736691333 | Who was Johann Tetzel? | German preacher known for selling indulgences condemned (later pardoned) for immorality Martin Luther preached openly against him | |
| 736691334 | What was the Book of Common Prayer? | A product of the English Reformation-- prayer book | |
| 736691335 | What was the Book of Concord? | doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church | |
| 736691336 | What was the Schmalkaldic League? | defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century, included an army | |
| 736691337 | What was the League of Torgau? | set up soon after the Imperial Diet of Speyer-- alliance of Protestant princes but was unsuccessful because it didn't have a substantial army | |
| 736691338 | What was the Exsurge Domine? | issued by Pope Leo X-- response to Martin Luther, threatened to excommunicated Luther unless he recanted within a 60 day period | |
| 736691339 | What is a papal bull? | charter/letter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church | |
| 736691340 | What was Luther's response to Exsurge Domine? | He refused to recant and burned a copy of it publicly | |
| 736691341 | What was the Concordat of Worms? | precursor to the Treaty of Westphalia and nation-based sovereignty agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V brought an end to the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors | |
| 736691342 | What is the Corps Reformatorum? | large collection of Reformation writings contains works of Calvin, Zwingli, and Melanchthon. | |
| 736691343 | Who was Philip Melanchthon? | Protestant reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther | |
| 736691344 | Who was Menno Simons? | An Anabaptist religious leader from the Friesland region of the Low Countries. Contemporary of the Protestant Reformers Followers became known as MENNONITES | |
| 736691345 | Michelangelo's David was made of what? | Marble | |
| 736691346 | Donatello's David was made of what? | Bronze | |
| 736691347 | Who is the "father of humanism"? | Petrarch | |
| 736691348 | Who discovered perspective? | Brunelleschi | |
| 736691349 | Who engineered the dome of the Florence Cathedral? | Brunelleschi | |
| 736691350 | Who created the bronze doors of the Baptistry of Florence Cathedral (the gates of paradise)? | Ghiberti | |
| 736691351 | Who wrote Commentari? | Ghiberti | |
| 736691352 | Dante wrote what major work? | The Divine Comedy | |
| 736691353 | Who wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man (a humanist text)? | Pico della Mirandola | |
| 736691354 | What has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance"? | Oration on the Dignity of Man | |
| 736707589 | Who was Alberti? | He was best known as an Italian architect but also was an author, artist, poet, priest, linguist, and philosopher. wrote On Painting which contained the first scientific study of perspective | |
| 736707590 | The Peasant Wedding is by whom? | Pieter Brueghel the Elder | |
| 736707591 | What is mannerism? | art period/style elongated proportions, highly stylized poses, lack of clear perspective tension and instability EXAMPLE: Bronzino's "Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time" |
