6-6.1: Summarize the contributions of the Italian Renaissance, including the importance of Florence, the influence of humanism and the accomplishments of the Italians in art, music, literature, and architecture.
6-6.2: Identify key figures of the Renaissance and the Reformation and their contributions (e.g.,Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Johannes Gutenberg, John Calvin, and Martin Luther).
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| 4953037335 | Renaissance | means "rebirth" or revival or art and learning, an era which emphasizes education, art, architecture, literature, and critical thinking. |  | 0 |
| 4953037336 | city-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. |  | 1 |
| 4953037337 | Florence | Italian city-state was the birthplace or epicenter of the Renaissance. |  | 2 |
| 4953037338 | Medici Family | Rich banking family in Florence that controlled the government. Patrons of the arts and responsible for commissioning many art and architecture projects. |  | 3 |
| 4953037339 | Humanism | intellectual movement that stressed the importance of human abilities, potential, achievement, and study of the classics. |  | 4 |
| 4953037340 | perspective | An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface by creating an optical illusion by focusing on a vanishing point |  | 5 |
| 4953037341 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist (Renaissance Man) |  | 6 |
| 4953037342 | Michelangelo | Italian Reniassance sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect; famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture of the David |  | 7 |
| 4953037343 | Botticelli | Italian Renaissance painter who painted members of the Medici family and religious figures. |  | 8 |
| 4953037344 | Machiavelli | Italian Reniassance writier and politician; observed political events that lead to the essay he wrote called "The Prince" (the end justifies the means) |  | 9 |
| 4953037345 | renaissance architecture | reflected religion, everyday life, perspective, movement, realism, & classical styles. Dome, columns, triangular niches, Windows, Arch, courtyard, Basilica, |  | 10 |
| 4953037346 | anatomy | study of the structure of the human body. Study and understanding of human anatomy greatly improved during the Renaissance, which is reflected in the realist art of the time |  | 11 |
| 4953037347 | realism | idea to paint and sculpt subjects realistically. It involves a number of techniques that make the subjects and background look like they would in real life. |  | 12 |
| 4953037348 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. |  | 13 |
| 4953037349 | Gold-Salt Trade | Gold was valuable, and salt was scarce and the only way to preserve food at the time. West African Kingdoms had many mines for both, and traded with other countries (mainly Europe), which allowed their economy to flourish (slave trade) |  | 14 |
| 4953037350 | Sistine Chapel | A chapel adjoining Saint Peter's Basilica, noted for the frescoes of biblical subjects painted by Michelangelo on its walls and ceilings. The Creation is one of the notable subjects of the ceiling paintings, and the judgment day is depicted on the rear wall of the chapel. |  | 15 |
| 4953037351 | Madonna | A painted or sculptured representation of the Virgin, usually with the infant Jesus. |  | 16 |
| 4953037352 | Medieval Art | A kind of art in which subjects are religious, figures look flat and stiff, important figures are large, subjects are clothed with little emotion, and it is flat and two dimensional with a single color background. |  | 17 |
| 4953037353 | Donatello | Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David. |  | 18 |
| 4953037354 | Raphael | Italian painter of frescos like the School of Athens and sculptor of madonnas at the Vatican |  | 19 |
| 4953037355 | cause of renaissance | increased trade with middle east and Asia as a result of the Crusades |  | 20 |
| 4953037356 | Renaissance Man | A person who is successful in many fields, and overall universal, knew how to dance, fight, sing, write poetry, and how to create art, and well educated with the classics. (well rounded individual) | | 21 |
| 4953037357 | The Last Supper | mural painting by Leonardo Da Vinci at the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy, most reproduced painting in history |  | 22 |
| 4953037358 | patron | someone, either a wealthy family or the church, that financially supported artists |  | 23 |
| 4953037359 | secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters |  | 24 |
| 4953037360 | vernacular | clear, simple, common language instead of Latin, normally spoken by the a people in a region-native language or dialect |  | 25 |
| 4953037361 | Johann Gutenburg | German printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type, first book printed was the Gutenburg Bible |  | 26 |
| 4953037363 | Mona Lisa | Di Vinci |  | 27 |
| 4953037365 | Printing press | Johannes Gutenberg | | 28 |
| 4953037366 | First printing press | china | 29 | |
| 4953037367 | Predestination | All events are willed by God |  | 30 |
| 4953037368 | Protestant Reformation started by | Martin Luther |  | 31 |
| 4953037369 | Reasons Renaissance started in Italy | 1. Wealthy merchant class 2. Heritage of ancient Greek/romans 3. Large city states |  | 32 |
| 4953037371 | Renaissance Man | Wrestling ,poetry, art, writing, swords |  | 33 |
| 4953037372 | Where did it start ? | Florence ,Italy | 34 | |
| 4953037373 | Indulgences | Reduce the punishment for sin by saying a prayer, paying money or other ways. |  | 35 |
| 4953037374 | Martin Luther believed in | Justification by faith alone - you don't have to pay Indulgences |  | 36 |
| 4953037375 | roman and greek | 2 ancient cultures Renaissance people tried to emulate |  | 37 |
| 4953037376 | John Wycliffe | Translated bible to English | 38 | |
| 4953037377 | Patron | Person that provides financial support for the arts | 39 | |
| 4953037378 | King Henry viii (8) | King of England was against the Protestant revolt and denounced Martin Luther | 40 | |
| 4953037379 | Humanism | An intellect movement that focused on education and the classics | 41 | |
| 4953037380 | Jesuits | Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church - supported Catholic Church | 42 | |
| 4953037381 | Petrarch | He was a florentine that lived in 1300s - was an early renaissance humanist port and scholar | 43 | |
| 4953037382 | Protestant | A member or follower that follow Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church | 44 | |
| 4953037383 | Theocracy | A government run by church leaders | 45 | |
| 4953037384 | Michelangelo | Sculptor, Sistine chapel |  | 46 |
| 4953037385 | Humanism | Study of the classics - human potential | 47 | |
| 4953037386 | Utopia | Book written by Thomas Moore about the perfect world centered around church |  | 48 |
| 4953037387 | Cosmo de Medici | Father of Renaissance, patron of art, banker | 49 | |
| 4953037388 | Secular | Worldly | 50 | |
| 4953037389 | Machiavelli | Write the prince book about how someone should rule |  | 51 |
| 4953037390 | Raphael | Famous painter of both classical and religious subjects | 52 | |
| 4953037391 | William Shakespeare | English playwright and poet | 53 | |
| 4953037392 | Annulled | Declare marriage is invalid based on church laws | 54 | |
| 4953037393 | Renaissance | means "rebirth", an era which emphasizes education, art and critical thinking. | | 55 |
| 4953037394 | city-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. | | 56 |
| 4953037395 | Florence | Italian city-state was the birthplace of the Renaissance. | | 57 |
| 4953037396 | Medici Family | Rich banking family in Florence that controlled the government. Patrons of the arts and responsible for commissioning many art and architecture projects. | | 58 |
| 4953037397 | Humanism | a way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions. | | 59 |
| 4953037398 | perspective | An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. | | 60 |
| 4953037399 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist. | | 61 |
| 4953037400 | Michelangelo | Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect; famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture of the David | | 62 |
| 4953037401 | Botticelli | Italian Renaissance painter who painted members of the Medici family and religious figures. | | 63 |
| 4953037402 | Machiavelli | Italian Reniassance writier and politician; observed political events that lead to the essay he wrote called "The Prince". | | 64 |
| 4953037403 | renaissance architecture | reflected religion, everyday life, perspective, movement, realism, & classical styles. Dome, columns, triangular niches, Windows, Arch, courtyard, Basilica | | 65 |
| 4953037404 | anatomy | study of the structure of the human body. Study and understanding of human anatomy greatly improved during the Renaissance, which is reflected in the realist art of the time | | 66 |
| 4953037405 | realism | idea to paint and sculpt subjects realistically. It involves a number of techniques that make the subjects and background look like they would in real life. | | 67 |
| 4953037406 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. | | 68 |
| 4953037407 | Gold-Salt Trade | Gold was valuable, and salt was scarce and the only way to preserve food at the time. West African Kingdoms had many mines for both, and traded with other countries (mainly Europe), which allowed their economy to flourish. | | 69 |
| 4953037408 | Sistine Chapel | A chapel adjoining Saint Peter's Basilica, noted for the frescoes of biblical subjects painted by Michelangelo on its walls and ceilings. The Creation is one of the notable subjects of the ceiling paintings, and the judgment day is depicted on the rear wall of the chapel. | | 70 |
| 4953037409 | Madonna | A painted or sculptured representation of the Virgin, usually with the infant Jesus. | | 71 |
| 4953037410 | Medieval Art | A kind of art in which subjects are religious, figures look flat and stiff, important figures are large, subjects are clothed with little emotion, and it is flat and two dimensional with a single color background. | | 72 |
| 4953037411 | Donatello | Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David. | | 73 |
| 4953037412 | Rafael | Italian painter of frescos like the School of Athens and sculptor of madonnas at the Vatican | | 74 |
| 4953037413 | causes of renaissance | increased trade with middle east and Asia as a result of the Crusades | | 75 |
| 4953037414 | Effects of Renaissance | religious reforms, interests in social issues, new forms of literature, artistic achievements, exploration and colonization humanism, appreciation and funding for art, rise of middle class, increase in banking and commercial activities |  | 76 |
| 4953037415 | renaissance man | A well-rounded individual who is successful when it comes to working, and overall universal, knew how to dance, fight, sing, write poetry, create art, architecture, sculpture and paintings. |  | 77 |
| 4953037416 | Renaissance | Time of renewed interest and advancements in science, art, and education from the 1300's to the 1700's. |  | 78 |
| 4953037417 | Printing Press | Developed in the 1400's by Gutenberg, this machine allowed books to be made easier and cheaper which led to more reading and writing and education. |  | 79 |
| 4953037418 | Literacy | Due to the printing press, reading and writing increased. |  | 80 |
| 4953037419 | Da Vinci | Renaissance inventor and artist who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. |  | 81 |
| 4953037420 | The Last Supper | Famous Renaissance painting by Leonardo Da Vinci of Jesus and the Twelve Disciples from the Christian New Testament Bible. |  | 82 |
| 4953037421 | Mona Lisa | Famous Renaissance painting by Leonardo Da Vinci of a European woman. |  | 83 |
| 4953037422 | Michelangelo | Renaissance artist and sculptor famous for his painting of Adam in the Sistine Chapel and his statue of David. |  | 84 |
| 4953037423 | The Creation of Adam | Famous painting by Michelangelo of the biblical story of the beginning of man. |  | 85 |
| 4953037424 | David | Famous statue by Michelangelo of the Biblical character who defeated Goliath and became a Jewish King. |  | 86 |
| 4953037425 | Martin Luther | A German monk who tried to change the Catholic Church and eventually left the Catholic Church to start his own Protestant Christian Church. |  | 87 |
| 4953037426 | Protestants | People who left the Catholic Church to start their own Christian churches and communities. |  | 88 |
| 4953037427 | Reformation | Some Christians tried to change, or reform, the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. This time period is called the ___________________. |  | 89 |
| 4953037428 | Shakespeare | English writer and playwright famous for penning such classics as Romeo & Juliet and Hamlet. |  | 90 |
| 4953037429 | Craftsmen | These individuals contributed greatly to new inventions and new ways of making things. |  | 91 |
| 4953037430 | Greece and Rome | The Renaissance was considered a rebirth of learning and culture from these two classical civilizations. |  | 92 |
| 4953037431 | Arab Muslims | Trade with this group of people from the Middle East helped reintroduce advances in science and culture to Europe. |  | 93 |
| 4953037432 | Trade | This economic activity led to the sharing of culture among the civilizations of Europe, the Middle East, and Asia (India and China). |  | 94 |
