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| 2222197092 | Bronchioles | Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli. |  | 0 |
| 2222199108 | medulla oblongata | Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion. |  | 1 |
| 2467025416 | Nasal Passage | consists of the nose & mouth which help to filter & warm the air as it enters the pharynx |  | 2 |
| 2467028416 | Pleural Membranes | parietal and visceral membranes that line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs |  | 3 |
| 2467034666 | Diaphragm | (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities | 4 | |
| 2467038148 | Intercostal Muscles | Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing |  | 5 |
| 2492752703 | systemic capillaries | capillaries in all the body tissues where gas exchange occurs internally (internal respiration) | 6 | |
| 2492760255 | epiglottis | A flab of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing |  | 7 |
| 2492763563 | cilia | Hair-like projections on the cell surface used for locamotion or the movement of fluid over a cell. |  | 8 |
| 2492774544 | Alveoli | (singular alveolus.) Tiny sacs, with walls only a single cell layer thick found at the end of the respiratory bronchiole tree. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system. |  | 9 |
| 2514940857 | breathing | ventilation of air in and out of the lungs which is caused by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles | 10 | |
| 2514944967 | external respiration | Occurs in the lungs and is the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 diffuses from the blood of the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli. |  | 11 |
| 2514954621 | Internal respiration | Occurs throughout the body, it is the exchange of gases between the tissue and the blood of the systemic capillaries. O2 diffuses from the blood of the systemic capillaries into the tissue and CO2 diffuses from the tissue into the blood of the systemic capillaries. | 12 | |
| 2514963685 | aerobic cellular respiration | It is the use of O2 gas by the cells to release energy from molecules such as glucose. CO2 and water are byproducts of this process | 13 | |
| 2593167435 | larynx | The larynx contains the vocal chords which vibrate and produce sound when air passes through them. | 14 | |
| 2593173995 | trachea | The epithelial cells of the trachea have cilia and produce mucous, this mucous traps particles in the air and the cilia beat upward remove theses particles. It also has rings of cartilage in its walls to hod it open and allow air to move through it freely. | 15 | |
| 2593187527 | bronchi | the trachea branches into two bronchi, one goes into each lung. Like the trachea bronchi have cilia, mucous and rings of cartilage. | 16 | |
| 2593195854 | exhalation | Is considered a passive phase of breathing since it involves the relaxation of muscles. When neurons and receptors are no longer stimulated impulses are no longer sent to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. The diaphragm relaxes moving upwards and the intercostal muscles relax allowing the rib cage to move in and down. | 17 | |
| 2615918319 | atmospheric pressure | The downward pressure exerted by the weight of the overlying atmosphere. | 18 | |
| 2615947109 | surfactant | An amphipathic molecule secreted by cells in the alveoli (type 2 alveolar cells) tha reducs surface tension on the inside of the alveolar walls. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing upon exhale and sticking together, thus reducing the effort required for inspiration. | 19 | |
| 2617686463 | Carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2) | A compound made up of hemoglobin + CO2. It is one way CO2 exists in the blood (external & internal respiration) | 20 | |
| 2617688975 | Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) | An enzyme that catalyzes the rapid interconversion of CO2 + H2O into Bicarbonate Ions (HCO3-) and protons. (External & internal respiration) | 21 | |
| 2632130865 | Glucose | The ingredient of respiration that provides the source of energy | 22 | |
| 2632130866 | Anabolic | Building molecules up, as in phptosynthesis | 23 | |
| 2632130867 | Catabolic | Breaking molecules down, as in respiration | 24 | |
| 2632130868 | Atp | Adenosine triphosphate; the universal energy currency of cells. | 25 | |
| 2634252281 | Pharynx | A passageway leading from behind the nasal cavity to the trachea. | 26 | |
| 2634255173 | Inhalation | -Contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge chest cavity and draw air INTO the lungs | 27 | |
| 2634257212 | Hemoglobin | An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. | 28 | |
| 2634258667 | Pulmonary capillaries | A dense network of minute blood vessels that surround the alveoli, gas exchange occurs by diffusion. | 29 | |
| 2671027404 | partial pressure | The contribution of an individual gas to the total ppressure of a mixture of gases. Partial pressures are used to describe the amounts of the various gases carried in the bloodstream. | 30 | |
| 2671029625 | tidal volume | Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath | 31 | |
| 2671033315 | vital capacity | The maximum volume of air that a respiratory system can inhale and exhale. | 32 | |
| 2671034541 | residual volume | Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation | 33 | |
| 2695940622 | Oxygen | Cells of the body are supplied with this and is required for aerobic respiration. | 34 | |
| 2695943868 | Pulmonary circulation | A part of external respiration where blood is transported throughout the lungs | 35 | |
| 2695945421 | Systemic circulation | A part of internal respiration where blood is transported thought out the body | 36 | |
| 2695947206 | Respiratory pathway | Pathway that extends from the nostrils to the alveoli of the lungs. Pathway allows air that is high in O2 to enter the lungs and allows air they is high is CO2 to leave the lungs. | 37 | |
| 2738790677 | Gas exchange | Supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and disposes of carbon. | 38 | |
| 2738791568 | Partial Pressure | The pressure that is exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gasses. A ha will diffuse from high to lower partial pressure. In the lungs an tissues O2 and CO2 diffuse from where partial pressure is higher to where it is lower. | 39 | |
| 2738794298 | Surfactant | Secretions that coat the surface of the alveoli. | 40 | |
| 2738796673 | Breathing control center | located in two regions of the brain, the medulla oblongata and the pons. Te medulla regulates the rate and depth of breathing in response to pH changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, medulla adjust breathing rate and depth to match metabolic demands. The pons regulate the tempo. | 41 | |
| 2738801085 | Bohr Shift | CO2 produced during cellular respiration lowers blood pH and decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2. | 42 | |
| 2752341536 | Oxyhemoglobin | A bright red substance formed by the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood. | 43 | |
| 2752343259 | Carbon dioxide | Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is the stimulant that the Medulla oblongata (respiratory control centre) responds to in order to signal the respiratory muscles to breathe. | 44 | |
| 2752343824 | Lungs | Each of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed. | 45 | |
| 2761131188 | turbinate | A bone in the nose that is situated along the side wall of the nose and is covered by mucous membrane | 46 | |
| 2761131341 | mucous | traps particles in the air | 47 | |
| 2761131721 | thoracic cavity | within the trachea branches into two bronchi | 48 | |
| 2761132032 | intrapleural space | space inbetween the two membranes | 49 | |
| 2761331636 | carotid artery | supply oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the head and neck regions of the body. | 50 | |
| 2761331845 | vocal cords | create sounds | 51 | |
| 2761332737 | aorta | carries and distributes oxygen rich blood to all arteries | 52 | |
| 2761332948 | pulmonary vein | carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium | 53 | |
| 2765079812 | reduced hemoglobin (HHb) | hemoglobin that is carrying hydrogen ions | 54 | |
| 2765085418 | carbonic acid (H2CO3) | Bicarbonate Ions enter the RBC's to combine with hydrogen ions to form this substance, which thin splits into water and carbon dioxide | 55 | |
| 2782395372 | Diffusion | The type of gas exchange of Internal Respiration. | 56 | |
| 2782396335 | Nostrils | Where air enters through the nasal passage. | 57 | |
| 2782397059 | Epithelial Cells | Provide mucous for the trachea. | 58 | |
| 2782398435 | Rib Cage | When contracted, it aids in respiration. | 59 | |
| 2901464239 | glottis | opening into the larynx |  | 60 |
| 2901481719 | bicarbonate ions(HCO3) | They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. | 61 | |
| 2901492292 | carotid bodies | Specialized receptors in carotid artery tissue that function to control blood pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations | 62 | |
| 2901500504 | aortic bodies | Specialized receptors in certain epithelial arterial tissue that function to control blood pressure, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations | 63 |
