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| 3371222412 | Gottfried von Herder | Influential German Writer (1744-1803) he wrote Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind in which he said that each country should have its own national identity not one borrowed from another country, he called it Volksgeist., German philosopher who advocated intuition over reason (1744-1803); advocated intuition over reason | 0 | |
| 3371224391 | Political Nationalism | Nationalism became more intense later on and nationalists demanded loyalty from members and in lands under foreign rule or with foreigners, they wanted to establish independent states | 1 | |
| 3371226429 | Anti-Semitism | Jews didn't live in a defined territory but in scattered states in Europe- nationalist leaders were annoyed with minority areas, especially in Austria-Hungary and Germany and it turned violent in E Euro: Russia/Poland has a series of pogroms, killing thousands | 2 | |
| 3371227733 | Mazzini | formed Young Italy: a group that promoted independence from Austria and Spain, a nation is a family and the territory is its home- he lived in exile bc of Austria and Spain but his movement inspired many others in Europe | 3 | |
| 3371230063 | Zionism | Jews have a right to own a national homeland. Jews didn't live in a defined territory but in scattered states in Europe. the only solution to anti-Semitism was a migration of Jews to a land they could call their own,They made Palestine the designated Jewish home and many migrated there but that caused nationalism of the Palestinians and perpetual conflicts | 4 | |
| 3371231324 | Herzl | a Jewish reporter from Vienna at the Dreyfus trial. He saw anti-Semitism in the land of liberty and said that anti-Semitism was a constant problem of society that cant be solved. In his pamphlet, Judenstaat, he said that the only solution to anti-Semitism was a migration of Jews to a land they could call their own, he organized the first Zionist Congress in Basel, Switz and founded the World Zionist Org | 5 | |
| 3371232934 | Congress of Vienna | (1814-1815): conservative leaders wanted to bring back the old order post-Napoleon, they were successful in restoring peace to Europe and balancing powers, however, nationalists and revolutionists were still prominent | 6 | |
| 3371235403 | von Metternich | Austrian prince who played a big part in the Congress of Vienna and had 3 goals: to restore legitimate monarchs, to maintain a balance of power in Europe, and to contain France | 7 | |
| 3371238532 | unification of Italy and Germany | the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century | 8 | |
| 3371238533 | Cavour | leader of nationalists, got rid of Austrian leaders that were in place in N. Italy He was appointed Prime Minister by the King of Sardinia in 1852. He worked tirelessly to expand the power of Piedmont-Sardinia. He used skillful diplomacy and well-chosen alliances to gain control of Northern Italy for Piedmont-Sardinia. | 9 | |
| 3371239662 | Garibaldi | Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)gained control of S. Italy and returned the land to King Vittore Emmanuele | 10 | |
| 3371264983 | Bismark | (1815-1898)- Prussian prime minister that repressed a nationalist revolt in '48 and aroused three wars that resulted in more German nationalism 1871- he was given the title of emperor of the Second Reich Germany's chancellor that unified Germany. Made an alliance with Austria Hungary, and Italy forming the triple alliance. He face challenges to his authority from German Catholics, the legislature, and the Prussian Army. | 11 | |
| 3371270528 | Haitian revolution | Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. This revolution set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere and the world's second democratic republic (after the US). The US was reluctant to give full support to this republic led by former slaves. | 12 | |
| 3371273184 | saint-domingue | a wealthy French colony located in West Hispaniola dominated by a white planter minority, the other ninety percent were slaves. white farmers wanting self-government, black people wanted political rights, and slaves just wanted freedom | 13 | |
| 3371276799 | Boukman | African Voodoo priest who called for a revolution in Haiti | 14 | |
| 3371278555 | Toussaint Louverture | Was an important leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. wrote the first constitution of Haiti an educated ex-slave | 15 | |
| 3371279547 | republic of Haiti | made in 1804, meaning the land of mountains, after much if the french army died of yellow fever | 16 | |
| 3371286915 | Hidalgo | This Spanish priest led the rebellion against Spain and was executed for it. The rebellion was ultimately successful and Mexico won its independence in 1821. | 17 | |
| 3371290952 | Iturbide | Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824. | 18 | |
| 3371718237 | Bolivar | 1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. | 19 | |
| 3371293468 | San Martin | South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru | 20 | |
| 3371294651 | O'Higgins | collaborated with Bolivar in liberating Chile from Spain | 21 | |
| 3371296260 | Gran Colombia | Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolívar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations. | 22 | |
| 3371298143 | Pedro I | son of the king of Portugal, was crowned the emperor of Brazil. He was committed to both monarchy and to liberal principles. He helped Brazil gain independence | 23 | |
| 3371301143 | Brazilian Independence | this country became independent from Portugal after John VI left the colony to his son Pedro, who then let Brazil become independent peacefully | 24 | |
| 3371305424 | caudillos | By the 1830s, following several hopeful decades of Enlightenment-inspired revolution against European colonizers, Latin America was mostly ruled by these creole military dictators. | 25 | |
| 3371310997 | Equiano | Wrote earliest slave narrative, big voice in British abolitionist movement | 26 | |
| 3371312961 | Wilberforce | led the fight for abolition in the British parliament | 27 | |
| 3371315053 | abolishing slavery | harder due to property rights. Haiti- the end was added with its independence, same with many other countries in S. America. Europe and N. America- the work to end trade evolved into a campaign to abolish all together. 1833- freedom in Britain, 1848- France, 1865- USA, 1888-Brazil | 28 | |
| 3371318552 | Latin american revolution | Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1810-1826) that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes. | 29 |
