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| 11124349648 | Appeal to Anonymous Authority | using evidence from an unarmed "expert" or "study" or generalized group (like scientists) to claim something is true. "They say it takes 7 years to digest chewing gum" |  | 0 |
| 11124349649 | Appeal to Authority | Claiming something is true because of an unqualified or untrustworthy "expert" says it "Over 400 prominent scientists and engineers dispute global warming" |  | 1 |
| 11124349650 | Appeal to Common Practice | Claiming something is true because it's commonly practiced. "This bank has problems with corruption. But there's nothing going on here that doesn't go on in all the other banks" |  | 2 |
| 11124349651 | Appeal to Ignorance | A claim is true simply because it has not been proven false (or false because it has not been proven true) |  | 3 |
| 11124349652 | Appeal to Incredulity | Because a claim sounds unbelievable, it must not be true. "The eye is an incredibly complex biochemical machine with thousands of interlocking parts. How could that exist without an intelligent designer?" | 4 | |
| 11124349653 | Appeal to Money | Supposing that, if someone is rich or if something is expensive, then it affects the truth of claim. "If it costs more, it must be better." |  | 5 |
| 11124349654 | Appeal to Novelty | Supposing something is better because it is new or newer. "Awesome! The latest version of this operating system is going to make my computer faster and better." |  | 6 |
| 11124349655 | Appeal to Popular Belief | Claiming something is true because the majority of people believe it. "Milk is good for your bones" |  | 7 |
| 11124349656 | Appeal to Probability | Assuming because something could happen, it will inevitably happen. "There are billions of galaxies with billions of stars in the universe. So there must be another planet with intelligent life on it" |  | 8 |
| 11124349657 | Appeal to Tradition | Claiming something is true because its (apparently) always been that way. "Marriage is the union between man and women. Therefore gay marriage is wrong." |  | 9 |
| 11124349658 | Appeal to Consequences of Belief | Arguing a belief is false because it implies something you'd rather not believe. "That can't be the Senator on that sex tape. If it were, he'd be lying about not knowing her. And he's not the kind of man who would lie. | 10 | |
| 11124349659 | Appeal to Fear | An argument is made by increasing fear and prejudice towards the opposing side. "Before you know it there will be more mosques than churches." |  | 11 |
| 11124349660 | Appeal to Flattery | Using an irrelevant compliment to slip in an unsupported claim which is accepted along with the compliment. "Intelligent and sophisticated readers will of course recognize a fallacy like this when they read one." |  | 12 |
| 11124349661 | Appeal to Nature | Making your claim seem more true by drawing a comparison with the "good" natural world. "Ofcourse homosexuality is unnatural. You don't see same-sex animals copulating" | 13 | |
| 11124349662 | Appeal to Pity | Attempt to induce pity to sway opponents "The former dictator is an old dying man. It is wrong to make him stand trial." |  | 14 |
| 11124349663 | Appeal to Ridicule | Presenting the opponents argument in a way that makes it appear absurd. "Faith in God is like believing in Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy" | 15 | |
| 11124349664 | Appeal to Spite | Dismissing a claim by appealing personal bias against the candidate. "Dont you just hate how those rich Liberal Hollywood actors go on TV to promote their agendas?" | 16 | |
| 11124349665 | Appeal to Wishful Thinking | Suggesting a claim is true or false just because you strongly hope it is. "The President wouldnt lie. He is our leader and a good American." | 17 | |
| 11124349666 | Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning) | Making a claim while leaving out one or more major contributing factors that may affect the conclusion. "If we label food with warning labels, it will push people to eat more healthy." | 18 | |
| 11124349667 | Biased Generalization | Generalizing from an unrepresentative sample to increase the strength of your argument. "Our website poll found that 90% of internet users oppose online privacy laws." | 19 | |
| 11124349668 | Confirmation Bias | Cherry-picking evidence that supports your idea while ignoring contradicting evidence. "Its obvious 9-11 was an American Led conspiracy. No plane hit the pentagon." |  | 20 |
| 11124349669 | False Dilemma | Presenting two opposing options as the only two options while hiding alternatives . "We are going to have to cut the education budget or go deeper into debt. We cannot afford to go deeper into debt so we are going to just cut the education budget." | 21 | |
| 11124349670 | Red Herring | Introducing irrelevant material to the argument to distract and lead towards a different conclusion. Mother: It's bedtime Jane Jane: Mom, how do ants feed their babies? Mother: Don't know dear. Close your eyes now. Jane: But mama, do ant babies cry when hungry? | 22 | |
| 11124349671 | Slippery Slope | Assuming a relevetively small first step will lead to a chain of related negative events. "If we legalize marijuana, more people will start using crack and heroin. Then we have to legalize those too." |  | 23 |
| 11124349672 | Surpressed Evidence | Intentionally failing to use significant and relevant information which counts against one's own conclusion. "That type of car is poorly made; a friend of mine has one, and it continually gives him trouble." | 24 | |
| 11124349673 | Unfalsifiability | Offering a claim that cannot be proven false, because there is no way to check if it is false or not. "He lied because he is possessed by demons" | 25 | |
| 11124349674 | Hasty Generalization | Drawing a conclusion from a tiny sample. "I just got cut off by the woman driver in the front. Women can't drive." |  | 26 |
| 11124349675 | Ad Hominem | By passing the argument by launching an irrelevant attack on the person and not their claim. A: "All murderers are criminals, but a thief isn't a murderer, and so can't be a criminal." B: "Well, you're a thief and a criminal, so there goes your argument." | 27 | |
| 11124349676 | Burden of Proof | I dont need to prove my claim - you must prove it false. Bill: "I think that some people have psychic powers." Jill: "What is your proof?" Bill: "No one has been able to prove that people do not have psychic powers." | 28 | |
| 11124349677 | Guilt by Association | Discredition an idea or a claim by associating it with an undesirable person or group. "you want to relax the anti-terrorism laws just like the terrorists want us to do. Are you saying you support terrorism?" | 29 | |
| 11124349678 | Straw Man | You misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack. "After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren responded by saying that he was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenceless by cutting military spending." | 30 |
