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Rhetorical Strategies - AP Language Flashcards

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10245706939AllegoryA story in which each aspect (character, object, or action) of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. Examples: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe; Biblical stories such as the book of Revelation; Dante's Inferno.0
10296381997Alliterationthe repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in successive words1
10296386331Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses2
10245706940AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event Examples: whenever you tell your friends something funny / scary / etc. that happened to you or someone else.3
10245706941AnnotationNotes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.4
10245706943ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. Example: "Science! True daughter of Old Time thou art!"5
10245706945Cacophony; Dissonanceharsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony.6
10245706946CaricatureA verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's or thing's distinctive physical features or other characteristics.7
10245706947ColloquialismA word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in casual or informal register8
10245706948Coherence; Unityquality of a piece of writing in which *all* the parts develop the main idea or organizing principle9
10245706949Concrete LanguageLanguage that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.10
10245736170Abstract Languagelanguage that describes things we cannot observe concretely (love, peace, democracy, ruination)11
10296378460Analysisan examination of parts of a whole and an explanation of how those parts work together to achieve a purpose12
10245706950ConnotationAn idea or feeling that a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning. Example: "slim" has a positive connotation, whereas "scrawny" has a negative, sickly connotation13
10245706951ConsonanceConcordant or harmonious combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability in music14
10245706954Denotationliteral meaning of a word as defined15
10245706955DictionAuthor's choice of words16
10245706958Epigrapha quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme.17
10245706959Ethos (Aristotelian appeal)Appeals to an audience's sense of morality/trust; Achieved by projecting an image of credibility which supports the author's position18
10245706960EuphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant Examples: "restroom" instead of "toilet"; "passed away" instead of "died"19
10245706963GeneralizationA conclusion, drawn from specific information, that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person.20
10245706967ImageryLanguage that appeals to one or more of the five senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. For example, this image—"the fish's slippery, shiny scales"—appeals to the senses of sight and touch. The words help us to picture the fish and to imagine how it would feel if we touched it.21
10245706969JargonLanguage only used by a certain group; technical terminology; gibberish22
10296370697Kairos (Aristotelian appeal)Appeals to correct / advantageous timing23
10245706970Logos (Aristotelian appeal)Appeals to logic24
10245706971LyricalExpressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like25
10245706973MoodFeeling that the audience feels when reading / viewing / listening to the work26
10245706975ObjectivityAn impersonal presentation of events and characters. It is a writer's attempt to remove himself or herself from any subjective, personal involvement in a story. Hard news journalism is frequently prized for its objectivity, although even fictional stories can be told without a writer rendering personal judgment.27
10245706976OversimplificationWhen a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument28
10245706977OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.29
10245706978Pacingthe movement of a literary piece from one point to another30
10245706979ParableA metaphor or simile drawn from nature or common life and told in a simple story or riddle; it uses comparisons to teach a lesson31
10245706980ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.32
10245706981ParallelismPhrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other33
10245706982ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.34
10245706983Pathos (Aristotelian appeal)Appeals to emotion35
10245706984PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.36
10296380510PersonificationA) giving human characteristics to something that is not human B) representing an abstract quality in human form37
10245706986Regionalismliterature that emphasizes a specific geographic setting and that reproduces the speech, behavior, and attitudes of the people who live in that region.38
10245706987RepetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis39
10296374546Rhetoricthe art of persuasion, especially the use of rhetorical strategies and literary devices to persuade an audience40
10245706989Rhetorical QuestionA question asked merely for effect and not requiring an answer41
10245706990SarcasmA type of verbal irony in which, under the guise of praise, a caustic and bitter expression of strong and personal disapproval is given. Sarcasm is personal, jeering, and intended to hurt.42
10245706991SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm).43
10245706992SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing44
10245706993StereotypeA generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members45
10245706994StyleA basic and distinctive mode of expression.46
10245706995Subjectivitya personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions47
10296376288Summarya shorter restatement of the main ideas48
10245706997Synecdochea figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.49
10245707000SyntaxSentence structure50
10245707001ThemeA topic of discussion or writing; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work.51
10245707002ThesisFocus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.52
10245707003ToneAttitude of the author toward the subject. It is revealed by his or her linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices)53
10245707004TransitionA word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph54
10245707005UnderstatementA figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration.55
10245707008Inferencea conclusion one can draw from the presented details56
10245707009Invectivea verbally abusive attack57
10245707011Hyperboledeliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis (Example: He was so hungry he could have eaten a horse.)58
10245707012Descriptionthe picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse59

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