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| a passing reference, without explicit identification, to a literary or historical person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage | ||
| A statement, question, or request addressed to an inanimate object or concept or to a nonexistent person (Ode on a Grecian Urn) | ||
| a word's primary signification or reference (its definition); Home denotes the house where one lives | ||
| the range of secondary or associated significations and feelings which it commonly suggests or implies. Thus, home connotes privacy, intimacy, and coziness | ||
| signifies the type of words, phrases, and sentence structures that constitute any work of literature; can be analyzed under a great variety of categories, such as the degree to which the vocabulary and phrasing is abstract or concrete, colloquial (slang/conversational) or formal, technical or common. | ||
| discrepancy between the audience's knowledge and the main character's knowledge; involves a situation in a play or a narrative in which the audience or reader shares with the author knowledge of present or future circumstances of which a character is ignorant; in that situation, the character unknowingly acts in a way we recognize to be grossly inappropriate to the actual circumstances, or expects the opposite of what we know that fate holds in store, or says something that anticipates the actual outcome, but not all in the way the character intends | ||
| exaggeration; a bold overstatement, or the extravagant exaggeration of fact or of possibility; can be used for serious, ironic, or comic effect | ||
| the representation through language of sense experience: visual, sound/auditory, smell/olfactory, taste/gustatory, touch/tactile; an internal sensation or organic imagery such as hunger; and movement or kinesthetic imagery | ||
| a comparison of two dissimilar things without asserting a comparison. the tenor is the subject and the vehicle is the metaphorical term | ||
| a conspicuous element, such as a type of incident, device, reference, or formula, which occurs frequently in works of literature. the "loathly lady" who turns out to be a beautiful princess is a common motif in folklore, and the man fatally bewitched by a fairly lady is a motif adopted from folklore in Keats' "La Belle Dame sans Merci" | ||
| the literal term for one thing is applied to another with which it has become closely associated because of a recurrent relationship in common experience (crown = king, hollywood = film industry, bottle = alcohol) | ||
| an inanimate object or an abstract concept is spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes or feelings | ||
| a play on words | ||
| the discrepancy between the author's purpose and the speaker's purpose; the author introduces a structural feature that serves to sustain a duplex meaning. a naïve narrator or spokesman whose invincible simplicity or obtuseness leads him to persist in putting an interpretation on affairs which the knowing reader, who penetrates to and shares the implied point of view of the author | ||
| the discrepancy between what is expected and what really happens; a situation in which there is an incongruity between the actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or between what is anticipated and what actually comes to pass | ||
| represents something as very much less in magnitude or importance than it really is, or is considered to be. (Modest Proposal) | ||
| the discrepancy between the implicit and explicit; a figure of speech in which what is meant is the opposite of what is said. the explicit contrasts with the implicit | ||
| the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences | ||
| an explicit comparison between two distinctively different things using the word "like" or "as," similes allow the two ideas to remain different in spite of their similarities | ||
| the attitude the writer takes towards a subject or character | ||
| the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | ||
| a figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, sentences or ideas in a balanced or parallel manner | ||
| a construction involving short, often witty statement that contains a serious maxim, opinion, or general truth | ||
| a logical contradictory or absurd statement, yet interpretable |
