Terms : Hide Images
| 4756662552 | epithelium | sheets of cells connected by tight junctions and demosomes | 0 | |
| 4756667871 | apical surface | top | 1 | |
| 4756667872 | basal surface | bottom | 2 | |
| 4756673907 | microvilli | wavy plasma projections that increase surface are and save space | 3 | |
| 4756676237 | phospholipid bilayer | hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails | 4 | |
| 4756680522 | gylcocalix | fuzzy coating on the plasma membrane outside of all animal cells. each cell layer has a bio-marker to identify to other cells | 5 | |
| 4756686175 | cytoskeleton | proteins that determine the cell shape, contents organisation, cell movements and moves substances through the cell. | 6 | |
| 4756689225 | microfillaments | protein strands that form a network on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane | 7 | |
| 4756695373 | intermediate filaments | resists stresses on the cell, participates in the junctions to join cells together. | 8 | |
| 4756696649 | microtubules | hollow, hold organelles in place, maintains rigidity and guides organelles and molecules to specific destinations. | 9 | |
| 4756699340 | cell junctions | occur when plasma membranes of adjacent cells press together. occur in 3 forms | 10 | |
| 4756704417 | tight junctions | tight junctions seal adjacent epithelial cells just beneath their apical surface. e.g. the epithelia of the lung tissue | 11 | |
| 4756715735 | vital functions of tight junctions | They prevent the passage of molecules and ions through the space between cells, so materials must enter the cells (by diffusion or active transport) to pass through the tissue. This pathway provides control over what substances are allowed through. They block the movement of integral membrane proteins between the apical and basolateral surfaces of the cell. Thus the special functions of each surface, for example: receptor-mediated endocytosisat the apical surface exocytosis at the basolateral surface can be preserved | 12 | |
| 4756725127 | gap junctions | inter-cellular channels that permit free passage of ions and small molecules between the cells. they are cylinders made up of 6 transmembrane proteins called connexians. e.g. The action potential in cardiac muscle flows from cell to cell through the heart providing the rhythmic contraction of the heartbeat. | 13 | |
| 4756739457 | connexian monomer | transmembrane proteins that assemble into six part cylinders. | 14 | |
| 4756744887 | desmosomes | localised patches that hold two cells tightly together. Desmosomes are attached to intermediate filaments of keratin in the cytoplasm. They are common in epithelia e.g. the skin. | 15 | |
| 4756759364 | organelles | "little organs" | 16 | |
| 4756765637 | rough ER | has ribosomes on the surface. job is to serve as a transportation network and participate in membrane synthesis. | 17 | |
| 4756769539 | smooth ER | CANNOT synthesise proteins. it catalyses reactions involved in lipid metabolism, steroid based hormones and fats, and breaks down stored glycogen to form free glucose (esp. inthe liver) | 18 | |
| 4756783333 | ribosomes | composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA,synthesise proteins. free ribosomes sythesise proteins for domestic cells use, rough ribosomes make proteins for export to other cells. | 19 | |
| 4756789540 | mitochondria | aerobic cellular respiration. glucose is broken down to CO2 and water by enzymes, releasing energy to turn ADP to ATP. they contain their own DNA, RNA and ribosomes, and reproduces through fission. | 20 | |
| 4756963666 | nucleus | control centre and genetic library. Has 3 structures or regions. | 21 | |
| 4756965164 | nuclear envelope | double layer membrane which contains pores to allow substances in and out. also holds the nucleoplasm | 22 | |
| 4756968745 | nucleolous | one or more bodies in the nucleus and are the site of ribosome assembly | 23 | |
| 4756972239 | chromatin | DNA, histone proteins and RNA chains. histone proteins compact DNA and also play a role in gene regulation. | 24 | |
| 4756983708 | protein synthesis | "DNA makes RNA make proteins" | 25 | |
| 4756994946 | transcription | one strand of DNA is used as a template by RNA polymerase to produce a messenger RNA. mRNA then migrates from then nucleus to the cytoplasm while splicing non coding DNA, leaving 3 unit codons. | 26 | |
| 4757016719 | translation | mRNA binds to the ribosome initiator transfere RNA. the ribosome then proceeds through elongation. | 27 | |
| 4759474339 | alimentary canal | the whole of the digestive passage along which food passes during digestion, from the mouth to the anus. | 28 | |
| 4759584329 | glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid | 29 | |
| 4759615586 | glycogenolysis | the glycogen present in the liver is transformed into glucose to be released into the blood | 30 | |
| 4759623791 | gluconeogenesis | the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol | 31 | |
| 4759627995 | proteolysis | the breakdown of proteins and peptides into amino acids by enzymes | 32 | |
| 4759630365 | ketogenesis | the biochemical process by which fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids form ketones | 33 | |
| 4759635164 | lipolysis | the breakdown of fats and lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids | 34 | |
| 4759680494 | hierarchy of complexity | organism - organ systems - organs - tissues - cells - organelles - molecules - atoms | 35 | |
| 4759689005 | major body cavities (8) | cranial cavity, vertebral cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity. dorsal body cavity, ventral body cavity, abdominopelvic cavity. | 36 | |
| 4759701919 | homeostasis | the body's ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and therefore maintain a stable environment. | 37 | |
| 4759717550 | the six functions of the digestive system | ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation. | 38 | |
| 4759769612 | peristalsis | successive waves of involuntary contraction of a hollow muscular tube such as the oesophagus or intestine, forcing the contents onwards. | 39 |
