Political Evolution in the Age of Jackson (1800-1860)
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| 539155868 | Panics of 1819 & 1837 | Depressions that illustrated the natural cycle of economic ups and downs: 1819- caused by economic adjustments after the War of 1812 1837- resulted from manipulation of the financial industry by the Jackson and Van Buren administrations | |
| 539155869 | Missouri Compromise | Compromise engineered by Henry Clay that suggested to keep the balance between slave and free states. Missouri was the new Slave state and Maine became the new Free state | |
| 539155870 | Gentlemen's Agreement | Put off the issue of slavery | |
| 539155871 | Henry Clay | An influential senator that initiated the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise tariff, and the Compromise of 1850. Clay's American System attempted to use Government influence to stabilize the economy | |
| 539155872 | Election of 1824 | John Quincy Adams won over Andrew Jackson by tieing the Electoral college but losing the Popular vote; Jackson was Infuriated and blamed Corrupt Bargain between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams | |
| 539155873 | Election of 1828 | Andrew Jackson won by a landslide; both the election of 1824 and 1828 marked the ending to the Era of Good Feeling and solidified the two party system | |
| 539155874 | Corrupt Bargain | In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State. | |
| 539155875 | John Quincy Adams | 6th president: Raised on international relations and became Monroe's Secretary of state and masterminded the Monroe Doctrine before rising to presidency. He was an avid opponent to slavery. He went into the House of Representatives after his presidency | |
| 539155876 | Spoils System | practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs | |
| 539155877 | Kitchen Cabinet | Andrew Jackson's friends and associates which he met with in the kitchen to discuss policy. They had more influence than Jackson's actual cabinet | |
| 539155878 | National Nominating Convention | delegates from the states gather to decide on the party's presidential nominee; replaced the caucus system | |
| 539155879 | Nullification Crisis | Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, Jackson responded by threatening military intervention in South Carolina if it succeeded. Henry Clay helped to calm the crisis with a compromise tariff reduced annually over 9 years. | |
| 539155880 | John C. Calhoun | Avidly supported South Carolina and there quest to nullify the Tariff of Abominations. He supported states' rights, slavery, and thus nullification and eventually secession | |
| 539155881 | Martin Van Buren | "Old Kinderhook": He was an organizing force behind the democratic party and stuck to Jackson's policies of allowing public land to be bought with Gold or Silver which was partly responsible for the Panic of 1837. He tried to Alleviate the power by ending speculation and moving federal money out of state banks and keeping it in treasuries where it ceased to do any good. As the country sunk further into recession, people grew angry and he was rejected by his party | |
| 539155882 | Force Bill | sign of the severity of the conflict between South Carolina and President Andrew Jackson during the Nullification Crisis; It said that the president could use the military to enforce the law | |
| 539155883 | Gag Rule | 1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress | |
| 539155884 | Bank War | Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks" | |
| 539155885 | Daniel Webster | Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union. | |
| 539155886 | Whigs versus Democrats | Two significant parties that restored the two-party system to American Politics. The Democrats rallied around Andrew Jackson as Champion of the common man, instigator of westward expansion, and member of the planter class. In response, the Whigs wanted to block whatever Andrew Jackson wanted to do. | |
| 539155887 | Webster-Hayne Debates | This 1830 debate is generally regarded as one of the greatest congressional debates in history. During an ongoing argument about the constitutionality of nullification, Senator Daniel Webster eloquently defended the Constitution and the Union and closed his speech with a call for "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!" This debate stirred deep sentiments in both the North and the South, but only the Civil War could finally resolve the contested issues. | |
| 539155888 | Clay's American System | Clay's system that was meant to help the economy. It involved a High protective tariff, a high demand for western land, and the stabilizing influence of the BUS (government). It also advocated using government money to build roads and canals meant to stimulate transportation, and thus, the economy |
