Section S: Birth of Indian National Congress
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| 1580821974 | Birth of Congress 1885 Back home, the need for the formation of an all-India political organization had become an objective necessity. The pre-congress organizations were limited in scope and objectives. This led to development of some basic needs and objectives before the leaders. It was said that the Indians need to be welded together for their political advancements. It was ......... who embarked on an endeavor to start an organization of select alumni of the University of Calcutta in 1883. By May 1885, he was able to secure the Viceroy's approval to create an "Indian National Union", which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. I | Allan Octavian Hume, | 0 | |
| 1580821975 | By May 1885, he was able to secure the Viceroy's approval to create an ............which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. In Britain, there was a general election in 1885. | "Indian National Union", | 1 | |
| 1580821976 | A. O. Hume et al published an .............to the electors of Great Britain and Ireland. This appeal asked the British Voters to support the candidates who were sympathetic to the Indian public opinions. However, there was no substantial result of this appeal. | "Appeal from the People of India" | 2 | |
| 1580821977 | A. O. Hume ,,,,,,The major issued raised by these people were: .......... Legislative reforms on India for greater participation of the Indian people. Increased pressure on India by annexation of Burma. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. | Spending Indian taxpayer's money on British Indian campaigns in Afghanistan | 3 | |
| 1580821978 | A. O. Hume ,,,,,,The major issued raised by these people were: Spending Indian taxpayer's money on British Indian campaigns in Afghanistan ............. Increased pressure on India by annexation of Burma. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. | Legislative reforms on India for greater participation of the Indian people | 4 | |
| 1580821979 | A. O. Hume ,,,,,,The major issued raised by these people were: Spending Indian taxpayer's money on British Indian campaigns in Afghanistan Legislative reforms on India for greater participation of the Indian people.,,,,,,,,,,. On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. | Increased pressure on India by annexation of Burma | 5 | |
| 1580821980 | . On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at .......... in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. | Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College | 6 | |
| 1580821981 | Please note that the first meeting was scheduled to be held in Pune, but due to a plague outbreak there, the meeting was later shifted to Mumbai. The first Session of INC was held from .......... | 28-31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates. | 7 | |
| 1580821982 | A O Hume assumed office as the ........ | General Secretary. | 8 | |
| 1580821983 | ........ of Calcutta was elected President. | Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee | 9 | |
| 1580821984 | The additional British Members were ........... All others were the Hindus from Calcutta and Madras Presidency. | William Wedderburn and Justice John Jardine | 10 | |
| 1580821985 | Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was an Indian barrister and was the first president of Indian National Congress. He was the first Indian to contest the election for the ........... | British House of Commons although he lost the election | 11 | |
| 1580821986 | In the First session of the Congress, it adopted a resolution expressing the dissatisfaction on the current system of Governance and demanded reforms in the Councils. After this resolution,..........and it was this act which introduced the principle of representation. | Lord Dufferin had established a committee for the reforms in the councils | 12 | |
| 1580821987 | In the First session of the Congress, it adopted a resolution expressing the dissatisfaction on the current system of Governance and demanded reforms in the Councils. After this resolution, Lord Dufferin had established a committee for the reforms in the councils and it was this act which introduced the principle of representation. This act authorized the ............ Indian Councils act 1892 was enacted partially due to efforts of Indian National Congress. | .universities, District Boards, Municipalities, Zamindars and Chambers of Commerce to send members to Provincial councils | 13 | |
| 1580821988 | In the First session of the Congress, it adopted a resolution expressing the dissatisfaction on the current system of Governance and demanded reforms in the Councils. After this resolution, Lord Dufferin had established a committee for the reforms in the councils and it was this act which introduced the principle of representation. This act authorized the universities, District Boards, Municipalities, Zamindars and Chambers of Commerce to send members to Provincial councils............ was enacted partially due to efforts of Indian National Congress. | . Indian Councils act 1892 | 14 | |
| 1580821989 | . Indian Councils act 1892 was enacted partially due to efforts of Indian National Congress. For the first time, Indian Councils Act had authorized the universities, District Boards, Municipalities, Zamindars and Chambers of Commerce to send members to Provincial councils. The Indian Councils act 1892 ............... 8-20 and In case of the Bengal 20 and In case of North Western province and Oudh 15. | increased the number of the additional members in case of the council of the governor general to maximum of 16. In case of Bombay and Madras | 15 | |
| 1580821990 | Indian National Congress was founded by a Retired Civil Servant and not by any Indian. It was said that the INC was started by............ with the help of an ex Civil Services member as a "Safety Valve" against the popular discontent. | Viceroy Lord Dufferin | 16 | |
| 1580821991 | Indian National Congress was founded by a Retired Civil Servant and not by any Indian. It was said that the INC was started by Viceroy Lord Dufferin with the help of an ex Civil Services member as a "Safety Valve" against the popular discontent. This is termed as "Safety Valve Theory". This theory says .............. against the government. So if the Government itself provides them a platform to raise their voice, it may be possible to stop such nuisance. | that A O Hume and other British thought that the educated Indians may become leaders of the Indian public and organize a rebellion | 17 | |
| 1580821992 | The concept of Safety Valve Theory says that the British had seen the political situation in the country leading to another rebellion on along the lines of the War of lndependence of 1857, and wished to avoid such a situation. So, they wanted to provide a platform to the people, where they could discuss their political problems. A O Hume was a retired British Civil Servant and had a series of meetings with Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy. He also lobbied with some other people such as Sir James Caird, Lord Ripon, John Bright etc. A large number of British in India such as............... supported AO Hume. | . Sir William Wedderburn, George Yule, Charles Bradlaugh etc, | 18 | |
| 1580821993 | This theory has been discarded now. But still, the contribution of British cannot be disregarded in creation of first all India political front in which majority of the people were Hindus. The Muslims took congress negatively in the beginning but there were leaders such as ......... | Badruddin Taybji who were active leaders. | 19 | |
| 1580821994 | "No Indian could have started the Indian National Congress...if an Indian had come forward to start such a movement embracing all Indians, the officials in India would not have allowed the movement to come into existence. If the founder of the Congress had not been an Englishman and a distinguished ex-official, such was the distrust of political agitation in those days that the authorities would have at once found some way or the other to suppress the movement" | The contribution of British in foundation of this organization was accepted and verbalized by Gopal Krishna Gokhle in 1913 as follows: | 20 | |
| 1580821995 | The second session of Indian National Congress met at ............ | Calcutta in December 1886 | 21 | |
| 1580821996 | The second session of Indian National Congress met at Calcutta in December 1886. The president was .............. | Dadabhai Naoroji | 22 | |
| 1580821997 | The second session of Indian National Congress met at Calcutta in December 1886. The president was Dadabhai Naoroji. Now the number was..............Most of these were the educated class of India consisting of lawyers, journalists, traders, industrialists, teachers, and some of them were landlords. | . 436 and these delegates were elected by different local organizations and groups. | 23 | |
| 1580821998 | The success of second INC session led the leaders decide to meet every year in December in different parts of the country. By 1889, the number of the delegates rose to .......... | 2000 | 24 | |
| 1580821999 | During the early years, Congress passed the resolutions on the related to political, administrative and economic public grievances. The main political demand was the .............., so that they work as representatives of the people. There was a demand of local self-government at a wider level. | reform in the legislative councils so that the Indians get wider powers such as discussion on Budget | 25 | |
| 1580822000 | During the early years, Congress passed the resolutions on the related to political, administrative and economic public grievances. There was a demand of local self-government at a wider level. They wanted reforms in the Civil services and through a simultaneous ........... so that the administration becomes more responsive to the needs of the Indian People. | ICS examination at India as well as England, | 26 | |
| 1580822001 | During the early years, Congress passed the resolutions on the related to political, administrative and economic public grievances. The other demands were: .......... . | Repeal of the arms act Higher jobs in the army for the Indians Rising of an Indian volunteers force. Similarly, the economic issues were based upon the drain of wealth from India to England. It was documented and published by Dada Bhai Naoroji as "Poverty and un-British Rule in India". | 27 | |
| 1580822002 | During the early years, Congress passed the resolutions on the related to political, administrative and economic public grievances. Similarly, the economic issues were based upon the drain of wealth from India to England. It was documented and published by Dada Bhai Naoroji as ..... | "Poverty and un-British Rule in India". | 28 | |
| 1580822003 | The Congress leaders wanted an inquiry into India's growing poverty and............. and excise duties imposed on Indian traders very discriminately. They wanted extension of permanent settlement to other areas. | . famines, reduction in military expenditure and home expenditures They wanted more funds for technical education to promote Indian industries. Another demand was to put an end to unfair tariffs | 29 | |
| 1580822004 | The idea behind these reasonable demands was to put a national character to the British Government of India. The methodology of the early Congress leaders was ......... | limited to pass resolutios and prepare petitions to be sent to England. | 30 | |
| 1580822005 | The ........ of INC was founded in 1889 and in 1890; this committee started a journal called India. | British Committee | 31 | |
| 1580822006 | The British Committee of INC was founded in 1889 and in 1890; this committee started a journal called........... wished to achieve the Indian Objectives within the British Empire. | India. Thus we see that initially the Indian National Congress | 32 | |
| 1580822007 | The British Committee of INC was founded in 1889 and in 1890; this committee started a journal called India. Thus we see that initially the Indian National Congress wished to achieve the Indian Objectives within the British Empire. But in the due course, Congress became the focus and fulcrum of Indian Nationalist aspirations and............... | it was in 1929, when independence was kept above all the other goals. Initially the objectives were limited and it worked with the constitutional limits. But still it was being looked with suspicion with the by the British | 33 | |
| 1580822008 | When Congress was formed, the secretary of state for India was .........., who served in this capacity from December 1882 to 9 June 1885. | Earl of Kimberley | 34 | |
| 1580822009 | When Congress was formed, the secretary of state for India was Earl of Kimberley, who served in this capacity from ........... | December 1882 to 9 June 1885 | 35 | |
| 1580822010 | When Congress was formed, the secretary of state for India was Earl of Kimberley, who served in this capacity from December 1882 to 9 June 1885. But when the Congress met for the first time on............ whose tenure was from 24 June 1885 28 January 1886, just 6 months | 28 December 1885, the Secretary of State for India was Lord Randolph Churchill, | 36 | |
| 1580822011 | After that Earl of Kimberley again became secretary of state for India and served in this capacity from 6 February 1886 to 20 July 1886. This question has been asked many times in examinations. The demands of the Congress were ridiculed in the British Media. But it was ........ | Earl of Kimberley, the Secretary of State for India who somewhat supported the reasonable demands | 37 | |
| 1580822012 | Lord Dufferin initially did not take Congress much seriously. Then, there was a blast and all of a sudden a Pamphlet appeared titled ............ These were agianst the British and Lord Dufferin took no time to react and express objection to these mischief. | "The Rising Tide". Another pamphlet appeared titled "An Old Man's Home" | 38 | |
| 1580822013 | Lord Dufferin. initially called Congress as representative of ............ but later in the fourth session of Allahabad, the Government servants were disallowed to take part in the proceedings of the Congress. Thus was the beginning of the movement of Independence in India.. | "microscopic minority of India" | 39 |
