Terms : Hide Images
| 6086463133 | Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. | 0 | |
| 6086463134 | Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. | 1 | |
| 6086466164 | Bottom-Up Processing | analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information | 2 | |
| 6086466165 | Top-Down Processing | information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations | 3 | |
| 6086470584 | Psychophysics | the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them | 4 | |
| 6086472230 | Absolute Threshold | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time | 5 | |
| 6086472231 | Difference Threshold | also called the jnd; smallest distinction between two stimuli that can consistently be detected | 6 | |
| 6086474967 | Signal Detection Theory | a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. | 7 | |
| 6086474968 | Weber's Law | (difference threshold) The change needed is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus. (5% for sound, 8% vision) | 8 | |
| 6086477469 | Sensory Adaptation | diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation | 9 | |
| 6086477470 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret. | 10 | |
| 6086477471 | Wavelength | Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves | 11 | |
| 6086480759 | Hue | A particular shade of a given color | 12 | |
| 6086480760 | Intensity | The brightness of a light. | 13 | |
| 6086482251 | Pupil | The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. | 14 | |
| 6086482252 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. | 15 | |
| 6086482253 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. | 16 | |
| 6086485399 | Accommodation | The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. | 17 | |
| 6086485400 | Retina | Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain | 18 | |
| 6086487455 | Acuity | sharpness | 19 | |
| 6086487456 | Nearsightedness | A condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina | 20 | |
| 6086488858 | Farsightedness | a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina | 21 | |
| 6086488859 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond. | 22 | |
| 6086488860 | Cones | Color vision | 23 | |
| 6086491465 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. | 24 | |
| 6086493740 | Blind Spot | the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there | 25 | |
| 6086497600 | Feature Detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement | 26 | |
| 6086499329 | Parallel Processing | The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. | 27 | |
| 6086501945 | Trichromatic Theory | Visual theory, stated by Young and Helmholtz that all colors can be made by mixing the three basic colors: red, green, and blue; a.k.a the Young-Helmholtz theory. | 28 | |
| 6086505749 | Opponent Process Theory | The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green | 29 | |
| 6086510046 | Audition | the sense of hearing | 30 | |
| 6086515391 | Place Theory | in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated | 31 | |
| 6086517799 | Frequency Theory | in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch | 32 | |
| 6086517800 | Conduction Hearing Loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea | 33 | |
| 6086519946 | Nerve Hearing Loss | Sensorineural: hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerve, caused by aging or prolonged exposure to loud noises | 34 | |
| 6086521860 | Gate Control Theory | Peripheral nerve fibers can have their input modified at the spinal cord level before transmission to the brain. This is the basis of many pain intervention strategies, especially nonpharmacologic interventions. | 35 | |
| 6086521861 | Kinethesis | sense of balance and of one's physical position | 36 | |
| 6086525316 | Vestibular Sense | the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance | 37 | |
| 6086528880 | ear drum | tympanic membrane | 38 | |
| 6086528881 | auditory canal | the area that sound waves pass through to reach the eardrum | 39 | |
| 6086537555 | occicles | Malleus, incus and stapes - series of bones that connect the eardrum to the oval window. | 40 | |
| 6086537556 | semicircular canals | three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement | 41 | |
| 6086546893 | vestibular nerve | nerve that conducts impulses related to maintaining balance to the brain | 42 | |
| 6086550776 | cochlear nerve | Sends auditory information to the brain | 43 | |
| 6086552843 | cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses | 44 | |
| 6086554800 | tympanic cavity | middle ear | 45 | |
| 6086562768 | cornea | The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye | 46 |
