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| 8751684207 | Female parts of plant | carpel |  | 0 |
| 8751687924 | Male parts of plant | Stamen | 1 | |
| 8751684208 | Receptable | support floral parts | 2 | |
| 8751684209 | Sepal | protect the flower when it is a bud | 3 | |
| 8751684210 | Petals | attract insects to the flower for pollination | 4 | |
| 8751684212 | Anther | produces pollen grains from meiosis | 5 | |
| 8751684213 | Filament | transports food and water to anther via a vascular bundle | 6 | |
| 8751684215 | Stigma | where the pollen lands | 7 | |
| 8751684216 | Style | where the pollen tube grows | 8 | |
| 8751708555 | Ovary | contains one or more ovules | 9 | |
| 8751684217 | list the seven steps in sexual reproduction | gamete formation pollination fertilisation seed and fruit formation seed and fruit dispersal dormancy germination | 10 | |
| 8751684218 | what is the male gamete formation | developement of the pollen grain | 11 | |
| 8751684219 | what is the female gamete formation | developement of the embryo sac | 12 | |
| 8751684220 | how many chambers does an anther consist of | 4 | 13 | |
| 8751684221 | what are the chambers in an anther called | pollen sacs | 14 | |
| 8751684222 | what are the pollen sacs protected by | a protective epidermis and a fibrous layer | 15 | |
| 8751684223 | what is a tapetum | nutrient rich layer of cells located just inside the fibrous layer | 16 | |
| 8751684225 | where are the pollen mother cells (2n) located | pollen sacs | 17 | |
| 8751684226 | what is a microspore | pollen grain | 18 | |
| 8751684227 | what is a tetrad | a group of four haploid cells | 19 | |
| 8751684230 | in the developement of the pollen grain what does the pollen mother cell (2n) do | divides by meiosis to produce a group of four haploid cells called a tetrad | 20 | |
| 8751684231 | what does each tetrad do | breaks up to form four seperate haploid pollen grains | 21 | |
| 8751684232 | what happens to the pollen grain (n) nucleus | divides by mitosis to produce 2 haploid nuclei tube nucleus and generative nucleus | 22 | |
| 8751684228 | what does a tube nucleus form | the pollen tube | 23 | |
| 8751684229 | what does the generative nucleus form | the male gametes | 24 | |
| 8751684235 | what is the exine | thick outer wall of the mature pollen grain | 25 | |
| 8751684236 | what is the intine | thin inner wall of the pollen grain | 26 | |
| 8751684233 | what happens after the pollen grains have matured | walls of anther dry, shrivel and split, pollen grains are exposed on the outside of the anther | 27 | |
| 8751797959 | what is dehiscing | the splitting of the anther walls | 28 | |
| 8751819536 | what happens when the embryo sac (megaspore) mother cell undergoes meiosis? | forms 4 haploid cells | 29 | |
| 8751919534 | what happens to the 4 haploid cells formed from the megaspore mother cell? | 3 degenerate and die off and the remaining cell is the embryo sac (megaspore) | 30 | |
| 8751945183 | what happens to the eight haploid nuclei formed when the embryo sac divides by mitosis three times | 5 die and the others are the egg cell and 2 polar nuclei | 31 | |
| 8751684238 | what are the two walls of an ovule called? | integuments | 32 | |
| 8751684239 | what is a micropyle | small opening between the integuments through which a pollen tube can enter | 33 | |
| 8751684240 | what is the nucellus | cells inside the integuments that provide nutrients for later growth | 34 | |
| 8751684246 | what is pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species | 35 | |
| 8751684248 | what is self pollination | transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on the same plant | 36 | |
| 8751684249 | what is cross polination | transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a different plant | 37 | |
| 8751684250 | 2 problems with self pollination | self fertilisation which is an extreme form of inbreeding and the seeds are less sturdy and less vigorous | 38 | |
| 8751684251 | 2 advantages of cross polinatation | cross fertilisation and seeds show more variation and vigour | 39 | |
| 8751684252 | disadvantage and example of wind pollination | wasteful of pollen e.g. grasses and oak | 40 | |
| 8751684258 | why is animal pollination a more advanced form of pollination | more precise in carrying the pollen directly to the stigma and less pollen is wasted | 41 | |
| 8752014093 | example of animal pollinated plants | orchids and dandelions | 42 | |
| 8751684254 | adaptions for wind pollination | petals are small, green and have no nectaries. Pollen is light, dry, small and produced in large amounts. Anthers are large, loosely attached to filament & found outside the plant. Stigmas are large, feathery and outside the petals | 43 | |
| 8751684260 | adaptions for animal pollination | petals are large, brightly coloured, scented and have nectaries. Pollen is heavy, large, sticks and produced in small amounts. Anthers are small, inside petals and firmly attached to filament. Stigmas are small, sticky and inside petals | 44 | |
| 8751684264 | what is hay fever | an allergic reaction to the inhalation of particles of harmless substances eg. pollen grains | 45 | |
| 8751684265 | what is an allergen | a substance that triggers the allergic reaction | 46 | |
| 8751684269 | what is fertilisation | fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote | 47 | |
| 8751684270 | what happens once pollen has landed on the stigma | produces a pollen tube which grows down through the style towards the ovule | 48 | |
| 8752069434 | what is chemotropism | the pollen grain grows towards chemicals released from the ovule | 49 | |
| 8751684273 | what happens to the generative nucleus the pollen tube grows down | divides by mitosis to form 2 haploid sperm nuclei | 50 | |
| 8752084225 | when does the tube nucleus die | when the pollen tube enters the ovule by the micropyle | 51 | |
| 8751684275 | what is double fertilisation | sperm nuclei enters the embryo sac. One fertiises the egg nucleus to form a a diploid zygote. The other joins with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm nucleus (3n) which acts as a food supply | 52 | |
| 8752110673 | what is an adaption of the male gametes | the presence of a pollen tube means that they can move towards the egg without the need for external water | 53 | |
| 8752123209 | In seed formation what does the ovule become | seed | 54 | |
| 8752126297 | In seed formation what do the integuments become | testa (seed coat) | 55 | |
| 8751684276 | In seed formation how does the zygote form the embryo | grow rapidly by mitosis | 56 | |
| 8751684277 | what does an embryo develop into | plumule, radicle and cotyledons | 57 | |
| 8751684278 | what is a plumule | future shoots | 58 | |
| 8751684279 | what is a radicle | future roots | 59 | |
| 8751684280 | what are cotyledons | seed leaf, becomes swollen with stored food | 60 | |
| 8751684281 | what happens to the triploid endosperm nucleus (3n) | divides rapidly by mitosis and absorbs the nucellus, acting as a food store | 61 | |
| 8751684283 | what are non endospermic seeds | the plant embryo increases in size absorbing all of the endosperm | 62 | |
| 8751684284 | what is an example of a non endospremic seed | peanut | 63 | |
| 8751684285 | what are endospermic seeds | the plant embryo increases in size but only absorbs some of the endosperm | 64 | |
| 8751684286 | what is an example of an endospermic seed | corn | 65 | |
| 8752167076 | what are monocot seeds | endospermic, one cotyledon, food obtained mainly from endosperm, send up a single shoot with no leaves | 66 | |
| 8752173882 | what are dicot seeds | non-endospermic, two cotyledons, food obtained mainly from cotyledons, send shoots with leaves | 67 | |
| 8751684287 | what is the fate of the zygote | becomes the embryo plant | 68 | |
| 8751684290 | what is the fate of the ovary | becomes the fruit | 69 | |
| 8752191673 | what is the fate of the nucellus | becomes the endosperm and then the cotyledons | 70 | |
| 8752194300 | what is the fate of the polar nuclei | becomes the endosperm | 71 | |
| 8752196260 | what is the fate of the ovary wall | pericarp (fruit wall) | 72 | |
| 8751684293 | what is a fruit | mature ovary that may contain seeds | 73 | |
| 8751684294 | what are fruit formed by/from | from the ovary under the influence of growth regulators (auxins) | 74 | |
| 8751684295 | what are the fuctions of the fruit (2) | protect the seeds and enable seeds to be dispersed | 75 | |
| 8751684296 | 2 examples of dry fruit | pea pods and cereal grains | 76 | |
| 8752218254 | 2 examples of moist fruit | tomatoes and grapes | 77 | |
| 8752226565 | what is parthenocarpy | formation of fruit without a seed, the egg isn't fertilised | 78 | |
| 8752233574 | how are seedless fruits grown | genetically (bananas, pineapples), spraying plants with growth regulators then fruits may form without fertilisation (peppers, cherries) | 79 | |
| 8751684300 | what does the growth regulator ethene do to fruits | ripens them and 'degrees' fruit, e.g. melons and bananas | 80 | |
| 8751684301 | what gas inhibits the production of ethene | carbon dioxide | 81 | |
| 8752263730 | what is dispersal | the transfer of the seed away from the parent plant | 82 | |
| 8752267277 | advantages of dispersal | reduce competition, increases chance of survival, find new areas for growth and increase the number of species | 83 | |
| 8752278612 | 3 examples of wind dispersal | orchid seeds (small and blown far), ash (fruit with wings), dandelions (parachute devices, disperse seeds more widely) | 84 | |
| 8752287945 | 2 examples of water dispersal | coconut trees and water lilies (light, air-filled fruits that float) | 85 | |
| 8752293282 | example of self dispersal | dehiscent fruits (peas, beans) have explosive mechanism that caplets seeds away and when pods dry out they split open | 86 | |
| 8752300062 | 2 examples of animal dispersal | sticky: fruit with hooks attach to animals hair (buttercup). Edible, fleshy, succulent: attract, eaten and digested by animals (strawberry) | 87 | |
| 8752308638 | what is dormancy | resting period when seeds undergo no growth and have reduced metabolism | 88 | |
| 8752316402 | advantages of dormancy | avoid harsh conditions for winter, gives embryo time to develop, allows time for seed dispersal, always some seeds in the soil helps species to survive | 89 | |
| 8752324563 | causes of dormancy | growth inhibitors (abscisic acid), testa impermeable to water, testa too hard, lack of growth regulator | 90 | |
| 8752332938 | germination | the regrowth of the embryo after the dormant period, if environmental conditions are suitable | 91 | |
| 8752358321 | events in germination | leave it | 92 |
