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Sixteenth Century Indian Architecture Flashcards

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2691275166PuranasA group of Hindu writings that says that gods always play where groves are, near rivers, mountains and springs.0
2691277905Hampi-VijayanagarMeans city of victory. A Hindu city in Southern India, established in 1315. In 1655 the city was sacked by the Muslims. The Muslims then abandoned the city. Gives idea of layout of imperial Hindu city (temple-city). City made up of sacred center, urban core, and royal center. Located on a rugged terrain of granite boulders.1
2691286554Hampi Quarrying techniquesRows of closely spaced cubical holes placed in the granite. Then pounded in wooden wedges. When it rained it would expand and split the granite.2
2691289779Virupaksha TempleHas several gopurams, and has a thousand pillar wall (temple), and ritual bathing pool. Temple Compound Street is flanked by colonnades. Axial alignment. Entire site is laid out according to a mandala. Towers used corbelling construction. Other structures used post and lintels. No arches or domes. Has statues sculpted from granite.3
2691293562GopuramA tower gate.4
2691297415Vasta Purusha mandalaA map of the spiritual universe. Provides directions how to build the sacred center. Will be laid out on the ground. Layout is of a god. Northeast is of balanced thinking (the head), feet is stability. Arms is movement and energy. Cosmic awareness is the naval/stomach.5
2691301393Lotus MahalLocated in the ceremonial center of Hampi. Retreat for Avatar Krishna and his queen. Built in the Indo-Islamic style. Platforms and towers are Indian. Has Islamic arches and portals with scalloped design.6
2691304143Indo-Islamic styleFusion of Indian and Islamic forms.7
2691307268Elephant StaplesLocated in the ceremonial center of Hampi. Pavilion for musicians on top of building. Elephants were trained to dance to the music. Islamic influence were the domes and pointed arches.8
2691311906Stepped Tank/PondLocated in the royal center of Hampi. Illustrates importance of water. Located in a dry region. Has stepped to go down to the water. As the water level drops one can descend. Filled from aqueduct.9
2691329909BaburFounder of the Mughal dynasty in India. From Persia, and conquered India from Afghanistan after multiple attempts. Establishes Agra when he takes over Northern India. Was a patron for architecture and gardens. Introduced the Char Bagh into India.10
2691339297Char BaghA four part paradise garden used by Timurids/Persians, divided into quarters by walkways and channels. Was a place of political power and used as an assembly hall. Held drinking parties, the common custom. Has an enclosing wall, one entry and exit. Rectangular pools and water features. Network of canals, pavilions, trellises and lush planting. The garden becomes the cool place in hot India. Pavilions and trellises are shading devices used in the garden. Were used for death and religious rites.11
2691354539QanatUnderground tunnels used for irrigation. The underground keeps the water from evaporating.12
2691358470SakeihA Persian water wheel powered by a man's legs to get the water up from the tunnels.13
2691362789Tomb of Humayun (2nd Mughal Emperor) Delhi (1565)First Mughal tomb built. Most likely patron is Akbar, Humayun's son. Arial plan is of a classic chahar bagh. Instead of central water feature, there is the tomb. Further subdivided to total nine four part units. Central section is domed mausoleum set on square stone base. Has 4 entry gates. Each major axis has an entry gate. Design is Indo-Islamic. Kiosks or Chattri at upper level is Indian while the double (shell) dome and bulbous shape on exterior is Persian. Designed by a Persian architect. First use of a double dome in India. Has a general mausoleum plan. Located in the center is a cenotaph. Arcuated construction - building with arches. Interior dome is semi-circular. Indian construction was trabeated. Tomb has massive construction. Has burials for other family members as well. The materials are new for the indo-Islamic style. Red sandstone (Indian) and white marble (Persian).14
2691376111Trabeated ConstructionPost and lintel construction.15
2691379918CenotaphA marker above a tomb it show where is it located underneath the mausoleum in a crypt.16

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