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Soc: Chapter 2&3 Flashcards

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92289315Confuciuschinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life92289315
92289316Zhou Dynastydisplaced Shang Dynasty; alliances with regional princes and families (feudal system); overtook Yangtze River Valley (Middle Kingdom); invoked the "Mandate of Heaven"; Mandarin Chinese language; Confucious (philosopher)92289316
92289317Qin Dynastyestablished in 221 BCE at the end of the Warring States Period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; founded by Qin Shi Huangdi fierce and brutal leader; reorganized China into large provinces; developed strong military; Great Wall was built; census introduced92289317
92289318Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization,confucian civil services & civil service exam,92289318
92289319Legalismthe belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled92289319
92289320Taoismpopular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and embraced natures harmony, spiritual alternative to Confucianism,embraces fugal living and humility92289320
92349183Alexander the GreatPersian leader; invaded India & increased Hellenistic influence in India92349183
92349184Monsoonsstrong seasonal winds that bring heavy rains to India, critical for farming92349184
92349185Sankristfirst literary language of Aryan culture in India92349185
92349186Vedas"knowledge"; sacred texts of the Aryans92349186
92349187MahabharaticIndia's greatest epic poem92349187
92349188Varnassocial classes emphasizing class difference92349188
92349189Kshatriyaswarrior class (2)92349189
92349190Brahmanspriestly class-on top92349190
92349191Vaisyastraders,farm owners & artisans92349191
92349192Sudrascommon laborers92349192
92349193Dalits"Untouchables"92349193
92349194MokshaHeaven92349194
92349195Atmansoul, karmic record, never ending92349195
92349196Ahimsanon-violent respect for all living things92349196
92349197Classical Indiaincreased trade,16 political regional states, constant warfare92349197
92349198Chandragupta Mauryaseizes power in Ganges region, first leader of Mauryan Dynasty,large powerful army, unifies much of Indias subcontinent, implements bureaucracy,national postal service92349198
92349199Ashoka Mauryagrandson of Chandragupta, conquers southern tip of India,converts to Buddism, creates first "rest stops", increases trade92349199
92349200Gupta Empireconsolidate supported by claiming divine rule,creates demanding system of taxation, allowed local ruler to govern under Gupta name, promoted sanskrit, but premitted regional linguistic differences, established universities for higher education92349200
92349201HinduismIndia's majority religion, originated in Vedic & Epic ages, no single founder, no central holy figure92349201
92349202DharmaEthical duty based on divine order reality92349202
92349203"Obligations of Life"serving the family; producing a livelihood,earning money & serving in the military when neccisary92349203
92349204Buddismfounded by Siddharta Guatama,material world is bad, attachment is bad,rejects caste system, meditatian zazen posture, eight fold noble path(ten commandments), doctrine of "no self"92349204
92349205Buddhaenlightened one92349205
92349206Egalitatianeveryones equal92349206
92349207Nirvanaworld beyond existence& void of suffering92349207
92349208Technelogical advancementschemistry,steel and iron production &textiles92349208
126530031Dynastyfamily of kings passing rule down through lineage126530031
126530032Cyclicone dynasty replaces another126530032
126530033Upper-Class cultural valuesEmphasized a good life on earth and virtues of obedience to the state and family126530033
126530034"System of Ethics"do unto others as your status and theirs dictates126530034
126530035LegalismSchool of political though that emerged during the Qin and Han dynasties,rejected confucian beliefs, favored authoritarian rule; masses not capable of self rule126530035
126530036GurusMystic leaders within Hindu religion126530036
126530037Brahmandivine principle within everything worldly126530037
126530038"Obligations of Life"serving the family; producing a livelihood, earning money, and serving in the military when necessary126530038
126530039Yoga"union" ; allowing mind freedom to concentrate on divine spirit126530039
126530040Focal points of BuddhismMeditation- zazen posture, "Middle way" ying and yang- balance, eight fold noble path = to the ten commandments and doctrine of " no self"126530040

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