Terms : Hide Images
| 126610092 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian Peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 0 | |
| 126610093 | Shaykhs | leaders of tribes and clans within Bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children | 1 | |
| 126610094 | Mecca | most important city in the transcontinental trading system that stretched from the Mediterranean to East Asia; shrine called Ka'ba; place of truce in interclan feuds; original home of Muhammad | 2 | |
| 126610095 | Umayyads | clans of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy in Mecca; later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 3 | |
| 126610096 | Ka'ba | most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among Bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 4 | |
| 126610097 | Medina | originally called Yathrib by Jewish people; located NE of Mecca; established in an oasis; wells and springs made agriculture possible; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca; trade center for Bedouin clans | 5 | |
| 126610098 | Angel Gabriele | in Islam, said to have transmitted the first of many revelations from Allah to Muhammad | 6 | |
| 126610099 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 7 | |
| 126610100 | Umma | community of faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity | 8 | |
| 126610101 | Zakat | tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 9 | |
| 126610102 | 5 Pillars | obligatory religious duties of all Muslims: confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 10 | |
| 126610103 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 11 | |
| 126610104 | Hajj | pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worhsip at the Ka'ba | 12 | |
| 126610105 | Caliph | religious and political successor to Muhammad | 13 | |
| 126610106 | Abu Bakr | one of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community | 14 | |
| 126610107 | Ridda Wars | wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 15 | |
| 126610108 | Jihads | holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Islam faith | 16 | |
| 126610109 | Copts | Christian sect of Egypt; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule. | 17 | |
| 126610110 | Nestorians | A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions | 18 | |
| 126610111 | Mu'awiya | leader of the Umayyad Clan; first Umayyad caliph following Civil War with Ali | 19 | |
| 126610112 | Sunnis | political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads as opposed to Ali; no veneration of saints; leadership isn't birthright-may be taken away; make up 85% of Muslims | 20 | |
| 126610113 | Shi'as | political and theological division within Islam; supported Ali as opposed to the Umayyads; Imam is sinless by nature; veneration of saints; reject traditions of the prophets | 21 | |
| 126610114 | Damascus | political center of the Umayyad community after the death of Uthman; caliphs there strove to build a bureaucracy that would bind together the vast domains they ruled | 22 | |
| 126610115 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam | 23 | |
| 126610116 | Dhimmi | "people of the book"; inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 24 | |
| 126610117 | Hadiths | traditions of Muhammad the prophet | 25 | |
| 126610118 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; victories against Umayyad communities led to the conquest of Syria and the capture of the Umayyad capital | 26 | |
| 126610119 | Baghdad | capital of the Abbasid Dynasty | 27 | |
| 126610120 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of Empire | 28 | |
| 126610121 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design | 29 | |
| 126610122 | Ayan | wealthy land elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 30 | |
| 126610123 | " submission " | self surrender of the believer to the will of Allah | 31 | |
| 126610124 | Muslims | followers of Islam and the prophet Muhammad | 32 | |
| 126610125 | Marriage and Family in pre-islamic Arabia | Descent traced through women in many tribes, future husbands payed "bride price" rather then receive a dowry, women were not relegated to wear veils, women as well as men had multiple marriage partners, only men could serve as warriors. | 33 | |
| 126610126 | 610 C.E. | Muhammad receives first revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel | 34 | |
| 126610127 | 622 C.E. | Hijra= "flight to Medina" | 35 |
