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| 8098835 | Mayflower Compact | 1620. The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. Signed by 41 of the more than 100 passengers. As the colonists failed to land in the Virginia territory as had been originally planned, the indentured servents argued that they were free from their bond. Document was created to establich a government and prevent this from occuring. The Mayflower Compact is often regarded as the foundation of the Constitution of the United States. | |
| 8098836 | Iriquois Confederacy | Union of Five Tribes under one government on the basis of equality. Regarded as an influential model for the foundationof the United States government on the basis of its political union and democratic methods. | |
| 8098837 | Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut | 1638. Outlined the powers and structure of the government of the Connecticut River towns. Regarded as the first constitution written in the Western tradition. | |
| 8098838 | Virginia House of Burgesses | 1619. First elected legilative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the New World. | |
| 8098839 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that the wealth of a nation depends upon its capital, and that the volume of the world economy and international trade is unchangeable. Leading cause of the American Revolution. | |
| 8098840 | American Revolution and the French and Indian War | After Britain defeated the French, the British government found itself in debt. It levied taxes on the 13 colonies in order to finance this debt. This taxation was a prominent cause of the American Revolution. | |
| 8098841 | Taxation without representation | Primary grief of the American colonists pre-Revolutionary War. The English Bill of Rights in 1689 set forth that no taxes could be collected without consent of Parliament. SInce the colonists had no representation, they believed that the taxes violated the Rights of Englishmen in the Magna Carta. The complaint was over the decision-making process of taxation without Colonial representation. | |
| 8098842 | Navigation Acts | Series of laws passed by England on its colonies that basically restricted colonies from buying imports from anywhere else but England. Based heavily on the theory of Mercantilism. Writs of assistance (search warrants) were issued in the 13 colonies as a means of enforcing the Navigation Acts. Became another primary reason for the outbreak of the American Revolution. | |
| 8098843 | Articles of Confederation | The first governing constitution of the United States. Brought the thirteen original individual states into a union with a confederation government. Took three years for the thirteen states to ratify the Articles, from December 1777 until March 1781. | |
| 8098844 | Philadelphia Convention of 1787 | May-September 1787. Considered one of central events in the history of the United States. Called to address problems following independence from Britain. Originally intended to revise Articles of Confederation, many proponents set out to form a new government rather than fix the old one. Resulted in the formation of the Constitution of the United States. | |
| 8098845 | Federalist Party | 1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic Republicans. | |
| 8098846 | Democratic-Republican Party | Founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1792. Became dominant political party until it split in the 1820s, part of which becoming the Democratic party. Opposed economic and foreign policy of the Federalists, and supported states' rights. | |
| 8098847 | Whig Party | 1833-1856. Operated in opposition to policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. Favored the powers of Congress over the Executive branch. Chose name as the name was synonomous with those who opposed autocratic rule. | |
| 8098848 | Democrat Party | Formed in the 1820s after split of the Democratic-Republican party on ideals after the loss of the War of 1812. Oldest surviving political party in the U.S. |
