WWII Study Guide. Social Studies.
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| 371927136 | What are the 5 MINTT causes of WWII? Be able to explain HOW each caused WWII. | 1. Militarism 2. Imperialism 3. Nationalism 4. Treaty of Versailles 5. Totalitarianism | |
| 371927138 | What were the four major things that influenced Hitler? Be able to explain HOW each influenced him | *Hinduism*: Hitler got his name for the Aryan race and ideas from early Hinduism. *The occult*: Nazi's were heavily into the occult and members of the occult hated Jews *Charles Darwin*: Hitler believed that Darwin's theory of natural selection and the struggle for survival applied to people *Armenian genocide*: Hitler saw that the world was willing to speak out about things, but unwilling to act to stop them. | |
| 371927140 | What is a totalitarian government? Which countries were lead by them? | -A totalitarian government takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life -Russia, North Korea, Germany, and Italy | |
| 371927142 | Which countries were fascist? Who were their leaders? | Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler), and Spain (the king) | |
| 371927143 | Which countries were communist? Who were their leaders? | Soviet Union (Stalin) and China | |
| 371927144 | What are the differences and similarities between fascism and communism? | Communism has a classless society, government owns and controls all, eventually will be no war, (Soviet Union and China). Fascism has distinct social classes, extreme nationalism, like war, (Italy, Germany, and Spain). They both are ruled by dictator, no democracy, no freedom of the individual, and total loyalty to the state and obedience to leader. | |
| 371927145 | What did the Spanish fascists of in their Civil War that was so awful? | They invade Germany to bomb unarmed cities to train the newly formed Luftwaffe (air force) | |
| 371927146 | Who were the Axis Powers? How did they come to be known as this? | -Germany, Italy, and Japan and Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary -Hitler & Mussolini reached an agreement called the Rome-Berlin Axis. They then called themselves the Axis Powers. | |
| 371927147 | Who signed a Non-Aggression pact? What were the terms of the pact? | Germany and the Soviet Union | |
| 371927148 | Was Hitler Catholic? Why do you say this? | He was born/raised Roman Catholic and spoke positively about the Church when he was trying to gain power. He knew how much it would hurt him if others knew how much he hated Christianity. | |
| 371927149 | What is Anschluss? What is lebensraum? How did Hitler try to get these? | Anschluss- "Union with Austria" lebensraum- living space/room Hitler demands the Sudetenland | |
| 371927150 | What is the Sudetenland? | an area of northwest Czechoslovakia with a large German population | |
| 371927151 | Why was the Munich Conference held and what were the results? Who was NOT invited? | Held to discuss Hitler's desire for the Sudetenland. Hitler says that if he can have the Sudetenland, he will respect Czechoslovakia's sovereign, will take no more land, and solve future disputes peacefully. Czechoslovakia was not invited. | |
| 371927152 | Who was Winston Churchill? What was his role and political philosophy during the lead-up to WWII? | Churchill wants to fight Hitler as a matter of honor because England has promised to defend what is right. | |
| 371927153 | What is appeasement and how does it contribute to WWII? | Appeasement is giving in to an aggressor to keep peace. It contributes to WWII because if they would have fought back and not done appeasement, Hitler would have stopped. | |
| 371927154 | What is significant of the Rhineland? | Hitler admitted that he would have stopped if challenged, but he wasn't/ The mobilization in the Rhineland is considered the 1st action of war. | |
| 371927155 | What happened on 1 September 1939? | Hitler invades Poland fast, massively, and brutally | |
| 371927156 | Why do Great Britain and France finally declare war on Hitler? | For invading Poland | |
| 371927157 | Describe blitzkrieg. When was it first used? | means lightning war. To take he enemy by surprise, hit hard & brutal for a short period of time, and pull out before they have time to regroup. 1st used when Germany invades Poland. | |
| 371927158 | Explain France's two lines of defense. Why is it silly to trust in these? | -A series of defensive bunkers built along the boarder with Germany and they had the Ardennes forest, which is so thick they didn't think anyone could get through it -They are relying on trees for defense | |
| 371927159 | Why does France fall to the Nazis? How long does it take? | 1. France is on the defensive mindset when they should have been on the offensive. 2. They are given notice of a 75 mile long line of German troops in the Arden & they ignore it. Takes about a month | |
| 371927160 | What happened at Dunkirk? | The Allied forces emily all kinds of boats (yachts, fishing boats, cruise ships) to rescue 330,000 Allied soldiers that had been pushed back there | |
| 371927161 | Who was Henri Pétain? | There Germans give him Southern France to run | |
| 371927162 | Who was Charles de Gaulle? | A French general that leads 100,000 members of the French Resistance from England. They blow up railroad lines and ambush supply lines. | |
| 371927163 | Why did the British win the Battle of Britain? | The British develop the use of a radar and they break the enigma code machine | |
| 371927164 | What is America's attitude towards the war in the beginning? Why? | isolationism; because we are still recovering front he Great Depression | |
| 371927165 | Why does America finally enter the war? | To declare war on Japan after Pearl Harbor | |
| 371927166 | What is the significance of Stalingrad? Why did the Germans lose? | It was a turning point in the war because the backbone of the German army was broken. The Germans lost because Hitler wouldn't let them retreat and they weren't ready for such harsh conditions. | |
| 371927167 | What was D-Day or Operation Overload? | Led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower and US, GB, and Canada raided the beaches of France. | |
| 371927168 | What was the Battle of the Bulge and why was it significant? | The Germans are trying to break the Allied line in half to prevent an invasion of Germany, but the Allies defeat the Germans. This is the last German offensive move. | |
| 371927169 | What was the idea behind island-hopping? Whose idea was it? | General MacArthur's idea; to take the less heavily Japanese defended island and cut the supply lines to the main Japanese islands while steadily getting closer to the Japanese mainland | |
| 371927170 | What were kamikazes? What did they mainly target? | Kamikazes used bomb-filled airplanes for suicide missions. It means "divine wind" and they mainly targeted ships. | |
| 371927171 | Describe the Bushido mentality. | meant the way of the warrior and was a lifestyle of discipline, self-sacrifice, and loyalty; one of the greatest acts of cowardice was to surrender | |
| 371927172 | Explain why the attack on Pearl Harbor shouldn't have been a surprise to us. | Because the final exam question at Japan's Naval Academy was hoe would you execute an attack at Pearl Harbor? | |
| 371927173 | Which President used the atomic bomb? Why did he do this? | Harry S Truman. He decides that bombing them will take less lives than an invasion of Japan would | |
| 371927174 | What were the Nuremberg Laws? | laws to restrict & persecute Jews | |
| 371927175 | What was Kristallnacht? | a Nazi attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues | |
| 371927176 | What is genocide? | the deliberate extermination of a specific group of people | |
| 371927177 | Whom did Hitler consider to be undesirable? | Jews, gypsies. Poles, Russians, homosexuals, the insane, the disables, and the ill | |
| 371927178 | What was Hitler's Final Solution? | A. Roaming bands of guards B. concentration and death camps | |
| 371927179 | What is the different between concentration camps and death camps? | Concentration camps were not just for Jews | |
| 371927180 | How many countries were Allies by the end of the war (approximately)? | over 60 | |
| 371927181 | Rhineland | Hitler admits that if he were challenged, he would have stopped taking over the Rhineland. The mobilization in the Rhineland is generally considered be the first action of war. | |
| 371927182 | Sudetenland | Hitler demands that the Sudetenland be given the right of "self-determination", knowing that the Sudetens would chose to become part of Germany. The countries try to appease Hitler, but of course appeasement will never work because Hitler will never be satisfied. Chamberlain's policy of appeasement sets up a conflict between him and Winston Churchill. | |
| 371927183 | Stalingrad | Hitler won't let the Germans retreat, which causes them to be defeated by the Russian army. Over 1 million Soviets were lost and 99% of the city of Stalingrad was destroyed. Almost the entire Russian army was lost. This is a turning point in the war because the backbone of the German army is broken and lots of important equipment is lost or ruined. | |
| 371927184 | Battle of the Bulge | This was the final effort by the Germans. The Germans are trying to break the Allied line in half to prevent an invasion of Germany, but the Allied forced defeat the Germans. This is the last German offensive move. | |
| 371927185 | Operation Overlord | The Allies fight their way through France, then Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands by September. Due to the success of D-Day, Germany is now fighting a 2 front war. | |
| 371927186 | Guadalcanal | The US lost over 1,600 men, while the Japanese lost over 23,000 men. Some Japanese troops committed hairy-kairy (ritual suicide). Guadalcanal is Japan's first land defeat. | |
| 371927187 | Coral Sea | This was the first aircraft carrier versus aircraft carrier in history. It was strictly an air battle and the ships fired no shots. The US and Japan considered it a tie, but we did stop the Japanese expansion. | |
| 371927188 | Midway | Midway was more damaging to the Japanese, than Pearl Harbor was to us. It was the 1st major loss for them. They knew defeat was inevitable. Their superiority in the Pacific is ended. This battle turns the tide of the war. | |
| 371927189 | Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo | Even though the attack gave us minimal physical advantage, it showed Japan that physiologically we could still get to them. The raid was considered a success. The Japanese kill 250,000 Chinese civilians just because they are mad at China and this makes China very angry. | |
| 371927190 | Iwo Jima | Only about 200 Japanese survived the attack. Iwo Jima was an important battle to win because it can be a refueling station for later bombing Japan. | |
| 371927191 | Okinawa | Okinawa is important because it can be a launching point for an invasion of Japan. More than 100,000 civilians are killed and many of them commit suicide because they do not want to be under US control. | |
| 371927192 | General Douglas MacArthur | -"Island hoping" was his idea -commander of the Allied forced in the Pacific | |
| 371927193 | General Dwight D. Eisenhower | Came up with the plan for D-Day. | |
| 371927194 | Charles de Gaulle | He is a French general and he leads 100,000 members of the French Resistance from England. They blow up railroad lines and supply lines | |
| 371927195 | Harry S Truman | Becomes President after FDR dies. He is the one to issue the atomic bombs. | |
| 371927196 | General Doolittle | made Doolittle's Raid of Tokyo |
