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| 4346727511 | Smith's DOL | Different people doing different things. Increase quantities, production, skill and innovation, but creates stupidity. | 0 | |
| 4346744961 | Universal Opulence | Product of the DOL. People making more products than they actually need. (wealth that extends to all) | 1 | |
| 4346756858 | Origins of the DOL | People's natural desire to exchange things makes them want to produce more, which means they need to improve skill and innovate. Beginning of markets and workers. | 2 | |
| 4346775628 | Under-developed vs. developed DOL | Poor countries are considered to have a weak division of labor. Difference between lower class and upper class societies. ie: Africa vs. Europe | 3 | |
| 4346787572 | DOL and inequality | Workers are slotted based off talents, education, race, gender. | 4 | |
| 4346795845 | Smith's Government | State plays a crucial role: private property, infrastructure, and education. All allows more opportunity for the division of labor. | 5 | |
| 4346809799 | Marx's 4 premises of all History | 1. humans must produce their own existence 2. production of needs leads to knew needs 3. humans must procreate 4. humans must enter social relations | 6 | |
| 4346820543 | Marx vs Hegelian | material conditions vs consciousness and sharing ideas | 7 | |
| 4346827380 | Marx's DOL | Classes are the economic base, structure and foundation. Mode of production: People doing different things (Forces of P) Property ownership (Relations of P) | 8 | |
| 4346863033 | Historical modes of production | Class relationships change over time and are defined by property ownership. ie: bourgeoisie and proletariat | 9 | |
| 4346873508 | Marx and Capitalism | Relationship between the workers and capitalists. The beginning of earning wages for labor where the Cap. own the means of production and the workers own their labor power. Creates productivity, profit, leads to revolution *Division of Labor, classes | 10 | |
| 4346881138 | Labor vs Labor power | actual work vs. capacity to work (selling labor power) | 11 | |
| 4346898631 | Communist Revolution | result of propertyless masses, developed forces of production, and globalization of capitalism. *Necessary for workers to overthrow capitalists and state. Change our consciousness | 12 | |
| 4346911839 | Marx and Communism | The exploitation of workers will lead to economic transformation: communal property, abolish markets, capitalism, no more class separation *collective ownership | 13 | |
| 4346933100 | Smith's Theory of History | linear development. The DOL improves over time. | 14 | |
| 4346936942 | Marx's Theory of History | Succession of modes of production, unfolding of economic laws, and class struggle. FoP changes over time with each revolution. | 15 | |
| 4346989801 | Lenin's theory of State | the state is there to serve the capitalists | 16 | |
| 4346995740 | Gramsci's theory of State | the state is a guardian of the capitalists | 17 | |
| 4347005139 | Marx's 3 theories of Reconstruction | 1. overthrow state 2. proletariat with rise 3. communist revolution *weak | 18 | |
| 4347013552 | Lenin and Capitalism | A repressive force and antagonistic relationship between capitalists and workers. *extension of Marx | 19 | |
| 4351860937 | Lenin and Democracy | Democracy protects capitalism; allows for voting and class struggle. Covers what is really going on President won't affect anyone. | 20 | |
| 4347032762 | Lenin and Bureaucracy | capitalists fooling the common people and oppressing the workers. | 21 | |
| 4347047565 | Lenin and Communism | Smash the state through violent revolution by bringing the lower classes together. Upper class will feel oppressed by the workers. Transition: Capitalism -> Socialism -> Communism | 22 | |
| 4347061669 | Dictatorship of the Proletariat | Economic functions: state organized by the people. No more higher authorities (capitalists are on the bottom), no more antagonism, no democracy. Political Functions: abolish army and arm the people. Soviets learn to live together. *people give/get based off needs | 23 | |
| 4351804528 | Marx 7 Thesis of Historical Materialism | 1. Social Relations 2. Base and Super-structure: classes are foundation 3. Laws of individual modes of Production 4. Revolution and Transformation 5. Science and Ideology: become conscious of conflicts 6. Exhaustion and Prefiguration: lays base for new MoD 7. Emancipation: history begins with communism | 24 | |
| 4351928794 | 3 problems with Lenin's theory | Ambiguity of capitalist democracy, contradictory of transition/revolution, and is communism believable? | 25 | |
| 4351948752 | Gramsci's Capitalist state | State is there to guide the people to a cultural and moral level. Justifies and maintains active consent of workers. Provides wealth, education, laws | 26 | |
| 4351977081 | State and Civil Society | Basis of hegemony. Society contains private institutions (church, media, schools, unions) to spread ideas. *Winning consent | 27 | |
| 4351993676 | Hegemony | A relation of domination. 1. Force and Consent: actively engaging people, Submitting to a certain order. ie: traffic lights 2. Material Concessions: one group presents their interests as the interests of all. Rewarded for sacrifices. | 28 | |
| 4352018560 | Gramsci's War of Position | Proper relation between people and state. Must reorganize civil society/ideology. Class formation. Smashing state will not really help! | 29 | |
| 4352033827 | Gramsci's War of Movement | Attack by force on state> will not work because lots of people need to be involved. Need to focus on hegemony. * Lenin would like war of movement | 30 | |
| 4352056581 | Gramsci's Regulated Society | 1. Shifting to war of position requires patience, cooperation and time. 2. War of Modern Prince: organizer of moral reform 3. State withers aways * operates on its own | 31 | |
| 4352083181 | Gramsci and a capitalistic hegemonic society | Intellectuals sharing ideas and moral unity. 1st level: economic-corporate 2nd level: economic class - see that they have a common interest 3rd: Hegemonic - dominant group | 32 | |
| 4352102891 | Intellectuals (2 types) | All men are labeled as intellectuals but not all have the capacity to educate/learn new ideas. 1. traditional: The labeled, No particular class 2. organic: Leaders of war of position; have deep connection to class formation and express ideas through war of P | 33 | |
| 4352167134 | Fanon's analysis of Colonialism | 1. Rule by force with police/army and no hegemony * 2. Bifurcated Civil Society: one town is poor while the other is wealthy. ie: you are rich because you are white 3. Race and Class in the same category: dehumanizes working class and racial inferiority | 34 | |
| 4352142316 | Fanon and Violence | Benefits: unity through finding a common cause, cleansing by finding their importance in society, activation/accountability of the leaders and people * creates class formation | 35 | |
| 4352902592 | Fanon and War of Movement | War of movement against colonizers and War of position happens within movement. Mix of both and Gramsci's Relations of Force. | 36 | |
| 4352936645 | Fanon and Colonial Rule | Urban, rural and lumping proletariat. All responsible for the uprise of colonialism. The excluded will rise! | 37 | |
| 4352948032 | National Bourgeoisie Road to decolonization | Will lead to a very weak state and dictatorship. A culture of racism spreading to all societies. Gets power from the government | 38 | |
| 4352957706 | National Liberation Road to decolonization | National unity and consciousness; self governance. Collective control of the means of production. * ie: Black Panthers Movement | 39 | |
| 4353023802 | Smith & Marx vs. Durkheim | material labor vs. solidarity | 40 | |
| 4353027560 | Lenin vs. Weber | violent revolution vs. rationalization | 41 | |
| 4353030693 | Gramsci vs. Foucault | state & consent vs. domination | 42 | |
| 4353037323 | Fanon vs. Mackinnon, DuBois, Fraser | race & class colonialism vs. recognition | 43 | |
| 4353049216 | Durkheim and the DOL | DOL leads to solidarity. We learn to accept our differences and become stronger. Developing individual roles through the collective consciousness. | 44 | |
| 4353068033 | Durkheim and Mechanical Solidarity | Based off similarities and sharing common beliefs. When people stray from the collective conscious they are punished (repressive law). Laws guide/punish those who are a threat to the collective | 45 | |
| 4353089844 | Durkheim and Organic Solidarity | Based off differences and individuality. Labor is divided based on specialties. Not punished if one breaks away from the collective consciousness (restitutive law). Does not bring harm; rehab. More developed and cohesive societies lead to better DOL. | 46 | |
| 4353116603 | Durkheim and Abnormal Forms | The shift of solidarity and low point of DOL. Conflict (Anomic DOL, Forced DOL, Discontinuous DOL) | 47 | |
| 4353124963 | Anomic DOL | Sense of disconnection, which results from a lack of regulation. Repetition of DOL. How should it be: cooperation of jobs, people understand they have a purpose. *Resolution: give DOL time to settle down | 48 | |
| 4353124964 | Forced DOL | A misplace of talents and class conflict, which results from rare situations of external constraint. How it should be: DOL should come naturally. Our inequalities will lead to solidarity. *Resolution: need equality of opportunity and power | 49 | |
| 4353125669 | Discontinuous DOL | Activity is low (bored, idle) and there is a lack of coordination. Solidarity is diminishing. How it should be: DOL allows for productivity and solidarity. * Resolution: improve leadership | 50 | |
| 4353224404 | Durkheim and the Normal form of DOL | The regulation of the DOL will lead to solidarity. Cult of individuals, social justice, establish cooperation * state is core of collective consciousness | 51 | |
| 4353247502 | Foucault's Sovereign and Disciplinary power | Sovereign: publicly punishing some who has done bad to keep people in line. People 'see' power and repression. Disciplinary: focused on training the individual instead of punishing. Different rehab treatment for different crimes. Cannot escape power: it's productive and real. *historical shift: disappearance of pain and publicity. Shift to rehabilitation of soul, heart, motivations | 52 | |
| 4353808892 | Disciplinary Mechanisms | 1. Examination: objectification and collecting data. Individuals become cases (ranked, evaluated) 2. Hierarchal Observation: people are under surveillance. Centralized patient observation 3. Normalizing Judgement: evaluating micro-penalties. Punish those who break from norms and reward those for good behavior (reinforcement). | 53 | |
| 4353829216 | Foucault and the DOL | supervision and discipline plays a major role in functioning DOL. | 54 | |
| 4353833153 | Foucault's Disciplinary Society | Rise of power, repression and reinforcement. Structure of society matters; who gives and exercises power. 3 mechanisms are used within each industry (business, military, work, school) | 55 | |
| 4353845192 | Panopticon | Prison; supervisor located in the center of patients. Evaluates everyone at all times to differentiate their character and skills. Survey themselves when they are being watched. * The perfection of disciplinary power. | 56 | |
| 4353899227 | Weber vs. Foucault vs Durkheim | Rationalization vs. discipline vs. solidarity * systematic, coherent | 57 | |
| 4353913481 | Weber's Rational Capitalism | A peaceful exchange; no force. Calculate profit and organize labor, in which workers can serve whoever. Allows to calculate costs of labor. (book keeping) | 58 | |
| 4353929421 | Characteristics of Weber's Bureaucracy | 1. fixed jurisdiction: each group has its own set of rules 2. hierarchy of offices: opportunities to govern 3. written documents: separate offices for files 4. experts with training 5. work/home is separate 6. manage via rules: can be learned ie: US government, universities, DMV | 59 | |
| 4353948905 | Characteristics of Weber's Bureaucratic officials | must be committed 1. social esteem/high status 2. appointed by superior 3. work for life 4. paid based on status 5. career; internal promotion * central to bureaucracy | 60 | |
| 4365914230 | Passive Democracy vs. Bureaucracy | Democracy is just a talking shop and will be used as an oversight of the inarticulate mass. Regulates activity and prevents bureaucracy from getting more power. Leaders and Demos (citizens) shape each other. voting and public opinion. | 61 | |
| 4365941830 | Durability of Weber's Bureaucracy | Very efficient and cannot be destroyed. Opposite of the dictatorship of the proletariat. * Revolution is impossible | 62 | |
| 4366037452 | Mackinnon's Feminism vs. Marxism | Believes sexuality is power and society is divided by gender. Marx ignores women's experiences and oppression. Women are oppressed under socialism. Capitalists and workers vs. Men and women | 63 | |
| 4366106086 | Gender socialization | Women conforming to the needs of men. Underlying force and domination of gender minorities. | 64 | |
| 4366121835 | Mackinnon's Objectivity | Idea of standing outside and not understanding their position. Men creating the world from their point of view. | 65 | |
| 4366131235 | Mackinnon's Objectification | Men are the subjects and women are objects. Women experience being surveyed under the surveyor. They must also watch themselves. | 66 | |
| 4366194427 | Consciousness Raising | Mackinnon's idea spreading knowledge of gender inequality. Sharing ideas, experiences and bonding. Exposes the myth of male power and teaches women to break from these roles. | 67 | |
| 4366200869 | Insider Perspective | Understanding powerlessness, gender roles. politics are sexualized | 68 | |
| 4366223091 | Objectification vs. Deconstruction | the outsider vs the insider | 69 | |
| 4366392289 | Du Bois Historical Context of Race | Black Community of 1903. Slavery was abolished and there was hope, but there was still an inequality between blacks and whites. New system of racial discrimination. ie: bathrooms, schools and buses were segregated. | 70 | |
| 4366410226 | Du Bois: The Veil | marker of difference. sense of being an outsider due to their skin. | 71 | |
| 4366417503 | Du Bois: Double Consciousness | looking at yourself through the eyes of others. How people judge you on being an American or negro. | 72 | |
| 4366432525 | Du Bois responses to racial Oppression | 1. Revolt and revenge 2. Submission to dominant forces 3. Self-developement/Realization * ie: civil rights movement, voting, education, realizing potential. | 73 | |
| 4366455290 | Booker T. Washington | Helped to establish Tuskegee University Atlanta Compromise: to accept racial discrimination in exchange for vocational education. Represents Du Bois 2nd response (submission), which is dangerous. | 74 | |
| 4366493808 | Du Bois vs Marxism | A revolt/self-realization vs. war of movement/position | 75 | |
| 4366518012 | Fraser's context of Gender and Race | we must demand for recognition of growing group differences. ie: gender, race, sexuality, nationality | 76 | |
| 4366531042 | Recognition | accepting of different groups | 77 | |
| 4366536487 | Redistribution | to rid of differences (homogeneity) | 78 | |
| 4366546983 | Fraser's 2 solutions to Inequality | 1. Socioeconomic injustice: the unequal share of resources (redistribution) 2. Cultural/symbolic injustice: respect (recognition) | 79 | |
| 4366587852 | Fraser's Remedies | 1. Affirmative: superficial change; focused on outcomes and not sustainable. 2. Transformative: deep structural change; focused on process. | 80 | |
| 4366618660 | Fraser: option 1 for change | affirmative action to ensure blacks have equal opportunity. Nationalism; nothing changes, just REVALUING. can lead to resentment/stigma for people receiving 'special treatment'. | 81 | |
| 4366621532 | Fraser: option 2 for change | transforming racial differences into fluid groups. Much more productive, promotes solidarity and deconstructs categories. *Fraser's ideal path for a better future. | 82 | |
| 4366728204 | Marx and Modernity | Rise of DOL shapes class exploitation. | 83 | |
| 4366737062 | Durkheim and Modernity | shapes path to organic solidarity | 84 | |
| 4366740019 | Weber and Modernity | Excited: shapes path to rationalization | 85 | |
| 4366743225 | Foucault and Modernity | Excited: created by disciplinary power | 86 |
