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Sociology your compass for a new world: Chapter 2 Flashcards

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3107449423Concrete ExperienceIs obtained by seeing, touching, tasting, smelling, hearing0
3107453362PerceptsThe smallest bits of concrete experience1
3107455233PatternsCollection of related percepts2
3107465905Abstract experienceThe imaginary world of the mind3
3107467271ConceptsThe abstract terms used to organize concrete experience4
3107474555PropositionsIdeas that result from finding the relationship between concepts5
3107484780Samplepart of the population of research interest that is selected for analysis6
3107487558PopulationThe entire group about which the researcher wants to generalize7
3107502525OperationalizationThe processes of translating concepts into variables and propositions into hypotheses8
3107509436VariableMeasure of a concept that has more than one value or score9
3107514736HypothesisTestable form of a proposition10
3107516235ExperimentIs a carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects percisely11
3107523404RandomizationIn an experiment involved assigning each individual by chance processes to the group that will be exposed to the presumed cause or to the group that will not be exposed to the presumed cause12
3107537497Dependent variableis the presumed effect in cause and effect scenario13
3107538983Independent variableis the presumed cause in a cause and effect scenario14
3107542023Reliabilityis the degree to which a measurement procedure yeilds consistent results15
3107545550Validityis the degree to which a measure actually measures what it is intended to measure16
3108823474SurveySociologists ask respondents questions about knowledge, or behaviour, either face to face or telephone, or paper and pencil format17
3108846999Contingency Tableis a cross classification of cases by at least two variables that allows you to see how, if at all, the variables are associated18
3108850908Relationshipbetween two variables exists if the value of one variable changes with the value of the other19
3108856003Control variablesIdentify the context for the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables20
3108873841Spurious Relationshipexists between an independent and a dependent variables when a control variable causes change in both the independent and dependent variables21
3108885167Probability sampleThe units have a known and nonzero chance of being selected22
3108887705Field Researchresearch based on the observation of people in their natural settings23
3108894255Detached Observationinvolves classifying and counting the behaviour of interest according to a predetermined scheme24
3108902026ReactivityOccurs when the presence of a researcher causes the observed people to conceal certain things or act artifically to impress25
3108911500Participant Observationinvolves carefully observing peoples face to face interactions and participating in their lives over a long period of time, understanding what motivates them26
3108935536Existing documents, official statisticsCreated by people other than the researcher for purposes other than sociological research27
3108944701Experiments, surveys, participant observation, analysis of documents and official statisticsFour research methods:28
3108982922Inexpensive, convenient,Strengths of analysis of existing documents and official statistics29
3108989789biasesWeakness of analysis of existing documents and official statistics30
3109027139High reliabilityStrength for experiments31
3109028722Low validityWeakness for experiments32
3109032620High reliabilityStrength for survey33
3109035778Low validityWeakness for survey34
3109042468Allows researchers to get in the heads of subjectsStrength for Participant observation35

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