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| 7819671409 | Social Solidarity | Refers to the degree to which group members share beliefs and values, and the intensity and frequency of their interaction | 0 | |
| 7819678100 | Social structures | Are relatively stable patterns of social relations | 1 | |
| 7819682790 | Microstructures | Are the patterns of relativity Intimate social relations formed during face-to-face interactions family's friendship circles and work associations are all examples of | 2 | |
| 7819688907 | Macro structures | Are overarching patterns of social relations that lie outside and above your circle of intimates in acquaintances. macrostructures include classes, bureaucracies and power systems such as patriarchy. | 3 | |
| 7819695965 | Patriarchy | is the traditional system of Economic and political inequality between women and men | 4 | |
| 7819698862 | Global structures | are patterns of social relations that lie outside and above the national level they include International organizations, patterns of worldwide travel end communication, and the economic relations between countries | 5 | |
| 7819721546 | sociological imagination | the quality of mind that enables a person to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures | 6 | |
| 7819724337 | Scientific Revolution | began about 15 50. It encouraged the view that sound conclusions about the workings of society must be based on solid evidence, not just on speculation | 7 | |
| 7819726730 | Democratic Revolution | beginning about 1750. it suggested that people are responsible for organizing Society and that human intervention can therefore solve social problems | 8 | |
| 7819729888 | Industrial Revolution | Often regarded as the most important event in world history since the development of Agriculture and cities, refers to the rapid economic transformation that began in Britain in the 1780s. it involved the large-scale application of Science and Technology To Industrial processes, the creation of factories, and affirmation of a working-class | 9 | |
| 7819733108 | theories | are tentative explanation of some aspect of social life that state how and why certain facts are related | 10 | |
| 7819736821 | research | is the process of systematically observing reality to assess the validity of a theory | 11 | |
| 7819738953 | values | ideas about what is good and bad, right and wrong | 12 | |
| 7819744199 | functionalism | stresses that human behavior is governed by relatively stable social structures. It underlines how social structures contain or undermine social stability. It emphasizes the social structures are based mainly on shared values or preferences. And it suggests that reestablishing equilibrium can best solve most social problems | 13 | |
| 7819748516 | Dysfunctional consequences | are effects of social structures that create social instability | 14 | |
| 7819754687 | manifest functions | are visible and intended effects of social structures | 15 | |
| 7819757302 | latent functions | are invisible and unintended effects of social structures | 16 | |
| 7819760299 | conflict theory | generally focuses on large macro-level structures and shows how major patterns of inequality in society produce social stability in some circumstances and social change and others | 17 | |
| 7819762031 | Class conflict | is the struggle between classes to resist and overcome the opposition of other classes | 18 | |
| 7819764348 | the protestant ethic | is the belief that religious totes can be reduced, and a state of grace insured, if people work diligently and live aesthetically. according to Weber, the protestant work ethic had the unintended effect of increasing savings and investment and thus stimulating capitalist growth | 19 | |
| 7819772346 | Symbolic interactionism | Focuses on interaction in micro level social settings and emphasizes that an adequate explanation of social behavior requires understanding and subjective meanings people attach to their social circumstances | 20 | |
| 7819777673 | social constructionism | argues that apparently natural or innate features of life are often sustain by social processes that vary historically and culturally | 21 | |
| 7819780100 | Queer Theory | Argues that people's sexual identities and performances are so variable that conventional labels like male female gay and lesbian failed to capture the sexual instability that characterizes the lives of many people | 22 | |
| 7819782875 | Feminist Theory | claims that patriarchy is at least as important as class any quality in determining a person's opportunities in life. It holds that male domination and female subordination but convention. It examines the operation of patriarchy in both micro and macro settings. And it contends that existing patterns of gender inequality can and should be changed for the benefit of all members of society. | 23 | |
| 7819786608 | post industrial revolution | refers to the technology driven shift from manufacturing to service Industries and the consequences of that shift for virtually all human activities | 24 | |
| 7819791906 | globalization | is the process by which formerly separate economy's states and cultures become tied together and people become increasingly aware of their growing Interdependence | 25 | |
| 7819795296 | Concrete experience | is obtained by seeing touching tasting smelling your hearing | 26 | |
| 7819797850 | forceps precepts | are the smallest bits of concrete experience | 27 | |
| 7819801378 | patterns | are collections of related percents | 28 | |
| 7819803109 | abstract experience | is the imaginary world of the Mind | 29 | |
| 7819805788 | Concepts | are abstract terms and used to organize concrete experience | 30 | |
| 7819808681 | prepositions | are ideas that result from finding the relationship between Concepts | 31 | |
| 7819811935 | Sample | is the part of the population of research interest that is selected for analysis | 32 | |
| 7819813902 | population | is the entire group about which the researcher wants to generalize | 33 | |
| 7819816405 | Operationalization | is the process of translating Concepts into variables and propositions into hypothesis | 34 | |
| 7819818713 | a variable | is a measure of concept that has more than one value or score | 35 | |
| 7819823302 | A hypothesis | Is the testable form of a preposition | 36 | |
| 7819827119 | an experiment | is a carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely | 37 | |
| 7819829361 | randomization | in an experiment involves a signing each individual by chance processes to the group that will be exposed to the presumed cause or to the group that will not be exposed to the presumed cause | 38 | |
| 7819831792 | a dependent variable | is the presumed effect in a cause-and-effect relationship | 39 | |
| 7819834216 | an independent variable | is the presumed cause in a cause-and-effect relationship | 40 | |
| 7819838372 | reliability | is the degree to which a measurement procedure yields consistent results | 41 | |
| 7819843260 | Validity | is the degree to which a measure actually measures what it is intended to measure | 42 | |
| 7819849236 | survey | sociologist asked respondents questions about their knowledge, attitudes, or behavior, either in a face-to-face or telephone interview or in a paper and pencil format | 43 | |
| 7819856239 | Contingency table | across classification of cases by at least two variables that allows you to see how if at all the variables are associated | 44 | |
| 7819859355 | a relationship | between two variables exists if the value of one variable changes with the value of the other | 45 | |
| 7819861672 | control variables | identify the context for the relationship between independent and dependent variables | 46 | |
| 7819865725 | spurious relationship | Exist between an independent and dependent variable when a control variable causes change in both the independent and the dependent variable | 47 | |
| 7819868753 | probability sample | the units have a known and nonzero chance of being selected | 48 | |
| 7819871207 | field research | is research based on the observation of people and natural settings | 49 | |
| 7819873867 | detached observation | involves classifying and Counting the behavior of Interest according to a predetermined scheme | 50 | |
| 7819881628 | reactivity | occurs when the presence of a researcher causes that observe people to conceal certain things or act artificially to impress the researcher | 51 | |
| 7819885635 | Participant observation | involves carefully observing on people's face-to-face interactions and participating in their lives over a long period of time that's cheating a deep and sympathetic understanding of what motivates them to act in the way they do | 52 | |
| 7819891205 | existing documents and official statistics | are created by people other than the researcher for purposes other than sociological research | 53 | |
| 7819894318 | High culture | is culture consumed mainly by upper classes | 54 | |
| 7819897929 | popular culture | is culture consumed by all classes | 55 | |
| 7819901365 | culture | consists of the shared symbols and their definitions that people create to solve real life problems | 56 | |
| 7819906053 | symbols | are concrete things or abstract terms that represents something else | 57 | |
| 7819912601 | abstraction | Is the ability to create general concepts that meaningfully organize concrete, sensory experience | 58 | |
| 7819914897 | cooperation | is the capacity to create a complex social life by establishing generally accepted ways of doing things and ideas about what is right and wrong | 59 | |
| 7819917488 | norms | generally accepted ways of doing things | 60 | |
| 7819919830 | production | is the human capacity to make and use tools. It improves our building to take what we want from nature | 61 | |
| 7819926550 | material culture | compromises the tools and techniques that enable people to get tasks accomplished | 62 | |
| 7819926607 | non material culture | composed of symbols norms and other intangible elements | 63 | |
| 7819930789 | folkways | the least important norms and they invoked the least severe punishment | 64 | |
| 7819934077 | Mores | are core Norms that most people believe are essential for the survival of their group or their society | 65 | |
| 7819936415 | Taboos | are among the strongest Norms. When someone violates a taboo, it causes revulsion in the community and punishment is severe | 66 | |
| 7819939878 | sapir whorf thesis | holds that we experience certain things in our environment and form Concepts about those things. We then developed language to express our Concepts. Finally language itself influence how we see the world | 67 | |
| 7819941934 | ethnocentrism | is the tendency for a person to judge other cultures exclusively by the standards of his or her own | 68 | |
| 7819945441 | cultural relativism | is the belief that all cultures have equal value | 69 | |
| 7819947994 | the rights Revolution | the process by which socially excluded groups struggled to win equal rights under the law and in practice beginning in the second half of the 20th century | 70 | |
| 7819954626 | Rites of Passage | are cultural ceremonies that Mark the transition from one stage of life to the other or from life to death | 71 | |
| 7819957141 | post-modernism | is characterized by an Eclectic mix of cultural elements and the rotation of consensus | 72 | |
| 7819959299 | rationalization | is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals in the unintended, negative consequences of doing so | 73 | |
| 7820075865 | consumerism | is the tendency to do find ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase | 74 | |
| 7820078653 | subculture | is the set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture | 75 | |
| 7820081016 | Countercultures | our subversive subcultures | 76 | |
| 7820083769 | Socialization | the process by which people learn their culture including Norms, values, and roles and become aware of themselves as they interact with others | 77 | |
| 7820086929 | a roll | the behavior expected of a person occupying a particular position in society | 78 | |
| 7820089390 | the self | consist of your ideas and attitudes about who you are | 79 | |
| 7820092735 | the i | according to Mead is the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth | 80 | |
| 7820097012 | The me | according to Mead is objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically and learn to take the role of the other | 81 | |
| 7820099089 | significant others | people who play important roles in the early civilization experiences of children | 82 | |
| 7820107559 | generalized other | according to Mead is a person's image of cultural standards and how they apply to him or her | 83 | |
| 7820109907 | Social environment | composed of the real or imagined others to whom individuals must adapt to satisfy their own needs and interests | 84 | |
| 7820112506 | adoption | is the process of changing one's actions to maximize the degree to which an environment satisfies one needs and interests | 85 | |
| 7820114475 | Primary socialization | the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society during childhood. Primary socialization usually takes place in a family | 86 | |
| 7820116798 | secondary socialization | socialization outside the family and after childhood | 87 | |
| 7820118711 | hidden curriculum | in school involves teaching obedience to Authority and Conformity to cultural norms | 88 | |
| 7820121837 | Thomas theorem | States situations we Define as real become real in their consequences | 89 | |
| 7820128090 | self-fulfilling prophecy | is an expectation that helps bring about what it predicts | 90 | |
| 7820131379 | peer group | comprises people who are about the same age and of similar status as the individual. The peer group acts as an agent of socialization | 91 | |
| 7820139776 | status | refers to a recognized social position an individual can occupy | 92 | |
| 7820147041 | A gender role | the set of behaviors associated with Riley shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act | 93 | |
| 7820150764 | Resocialization | occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in a person's values, rules, and self-conception, sometimes against a person's will | 94 | |
| 7820153429 | initiation right | a ritual that signifies a person's transition from one group to another and ensures his or her loyalty to the new group | 95 | |
| 7820161307 | Total institutions | are settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff | 96 | |
| 7820164949 | anticipatory socialization | involves taking on the norms and behaviors of the role in which we aspire | 97 | |
| 7820167956 | bureaucracy | a large, and personal organization compromising many clearly defined positions arranged in higher key. A bureaucracy has a permanent, or qualified experts and written goals, rules, and procedures. Ideally, staff members always try to find ways of running the bureaucracy more efficiently | 98 | |
| 7820171459 | A social network | is a bounded set of individuals who are linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources. The patterns of exchange determine the boundaries of the network. Members Exchange resources more frequently with one another than with non-members. They also think of themselves as network members. Social networks may be formal, but they are more often informal | 99 | |
| 7820183448 | A dyad | a social relationship between two nodes or social units example people, firms, organizations, countries | 100 | |
| 7820187224 | a Triad | a social relationship among 3 nodes or social units | 101 | |
| 7820190384 | Social group | compromises one or more networks of people who identify with one another and adhere to Define Norms, rolls, and statuses | 102 | |
| 7820192351 | social category | compromises people who share a similar status but do not identify with one another | 103 | |
| 7820194933 | primary groups | Norms, rules, and statuses are agreed on but are not put in writing. Social interaction leads to strong emotional ties. It extends over a long period, and involves a wide range of activities. It results in group members knowing one another well. | 104 | |
| 7820199506 | Secondary groups | are larger and more personal than primary groups are. Compared with primary groups, social interaction in secondary groups create weaker emotional ties. It extends over a shorter period, And it involves a narrow range of activities. It results in most group members having a most passing acquaintance with one another. | 105 | |
| 7820204996 | reference group | comprises people against whom an individual evaluates his or her situation or conduct | 106 | |
| 7820207581 | formal organizations | are secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives | 107 | |
| 7820210048 | dehumanization | occurs when bureaucracies treat clients as standard cases and personal as cogs in a giant machine. This treatment frustrates clients and lowers worker morale | 108 | |
| 7820212013 | bureaucratic ritualism | involves bureaucrats becoming so preoccupied with rules and regulations that they make it difficult for the organisation to fulfill its goals | 109 | |
| 7820214898 | oligarchy | means rule of the few. All all bureaucracies have a supposedly tendency for power to become increasingly concentrated in the hands of few people at the top of the organizational pyramid | 110 | |
| 7820219186 | bureaucratic inertia | refers to the tendency of large, rigid to continue their bureaucracies even when their clients needs change | 111 | |
| 7820222203 | Laissez Faire leadership | allows subordinates to work things out largely on their own, with almost no direction from above. It is the least effective type of leadership | 112 | |
| 7820225577 | authoritarian leadership | demands strict compliance from subordinates. Authoritarian leaders are most effective in a crisis, such as a war or the emergency room of the hospital | 113 | |
| 7820228770 | Democratic Leadership | author's more guidance than the laissez faire variety but less control than the authoritarian type. Democratic leaders try to include all group members in the decision-making process, taking the best ideas from the group and moving them into a strategy which with which all can identify. Oakside crisis situations,Democratic Leadership is usually the most effective leadership style. | 114 | |
| 7820233138 | Organizational environment | comprises a host of economic, political, and cultural forces that lie outside and organization and affect the way it works | 115 | |
| 7820233139 | societies | are collectivities of interacting people who share a culture and a territory | 116 | |
| 7820236495 | Horticultural societies | our Societies in which people domesticate plants and use simple hand tools to garden. Such societies first emerged about 10000 years ago | 117 | |
| 7820239017 | foraging societies | Societies in which people live by searching for wild plants and hunting wild animals. Such societies predominated until about 10,000 years ago. Any quality, the division of labor, productivity, and the settlement size are very low and such societies | 118 | |
| 7820241588 | pastoral societies | Societies in which people domesticate cattle, camels, pigs, goats, sheep, horses, and reindeer. Such societies first emerged about 10000 years ago | 119 | |
| 7820244928 | Agricultural societies | Societies in which plows and animal power are used to substantially increase food supply and dependability as compared with Horticultural and pastoral societies. Agricultural societies first emerged about five thousand years ago | 120 | |
| 7820247599 | Industrial societies | societies that use machines in fuel to greatly increase in Supply the dependability of food and finished goods. The first sex societies in merge in Great Britain and the last Decades of the 18th century | 121 | |
| 7820250237 | post industrial societies | Societies in which most workers are employed in the service sector and computers for substantial increases in the division of Labour and productivity. Shortly after World War II the United States became the first post industrial society | 122 | |
| 7820253377 | recombinant DNA | involves removing a segment of DNA from a gene or splicing together segments of DNA from different living things, effectively creating a new life form | 123 | |
| 7820255662 | post natural societies | societies In which genetic engineering enables people to create new life-forms | 124 | |
| 7820257558 | social stratification | refers to the way in which society is organized in layers of strata | 125 | |
| 7820259706 | human capital | the sum of useful skills and knowledge that an individual possesses | 126 | |
| 7820262268 | social capital | refers to the Network's of connections that individuals possess | 127 | |
| 7820264748 | cultural capital | the stock of knowledge, taste, and have is that legitimate the maintenance of status and Power | 128 | |
| 7820267384 | low income cut off | statistic Canada's term for the income threshold below with your family devotes at least 20% more of its income to the necessities of food, shelter, and clothing than an average family would, likely resulting in straitened circumstances | 129 | |
| 7820269392 | feudalism | a legal arrangement in pre-industrial Europe that found presents to the land and oblige them to give their landlords a set part of the Harvest. In exchange, landlords required to protect peasants from more murders and open their storehouses to feed the peasants if crops failed. | 130 | |
| 7820272244 | Class consciousness | Refers to being aware of a membership in a class | 131 | |
| 7820276618 | class | in Marx sense of the term, is the term and by a person's relationship to the means of production. In Weber's usage, is determined by a person's Market situation | 132 | |
| 7820284700 | the bourgeoisie | and marks usage are owners of the means of production, including factories, tools, and land. They do not do any physical labor. Their income derives from profits | 133 | |
| 7820284701 | the proletariat | in Marx usage, is the working class. Members of the proletariat do physical labor but do not own means of production. They are that's in a position to earn wages | 134 | |
| 7820287623 | the petite bourgeoisie | in Marx's usage is the class of small-scale capital list who own means of production but employee only a few workers are none at all, forcing them to do physical work themselves | 135 | |
| 7820290319 | status groups | differ from one another in terms of The Prestige or social honor they enjoy and also in terms of their style of life | 136 | |
| 7820290364 | Parties | and Webers usage, are organizations that seek to impose their will on others | 137 | |
| 7820293816 | the functional theory of stratification | argues that some jobs are more important than others are, people must make sacrifices to train for important jobs, and inequality is required to motivate people to undergo the sacrifices | 138 | |
| 7820299206 | power | ability to impose one's will on others despite resistance | 139 | |
| 7820299224 | Authority | legitimate institutionalized power | 140 | |
| 7820302242 | intragenerational Mobility | a social Mobility that occurs within a single generation | 141 | |
| 7820305203 | intergenerational Mobility | Social Mobility that occurs between Generations | 142 | |
| 7820307778 | imperialism | the economic domination of one country by another | 143 | |
| 7820309843 | global commodity chain | a worldwide network of Labor and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity | 144 | |
| 7820309844 | transnational corporations | large businesses that rely increasingly on foreign labor and foreign production skills and advances in design, technology, and management world markets, and massive advertising campaigns. They are increasingly autonomous from National governments | 145 | |
| 7820321203 | glocalization | the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization. | 146 | |
| 7820324129 | regionalization | the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas | 147 | |
| 7820327499 | colonialism | involves the control of developing societies by more developed, powerful societies | 148 | |
| 7820331340 | modernization Theory | holds the economic development results from poor countries lacking Western attributes. these attributes include Western values, business practices, levels of investment capital, and stable governments | 149 | |
| 7820334219 | dependency theories | views economic under development as a result of exploitative relations between rich and poor countries | 150 | |
| 7820336998 | core capitalist countries | which countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, that are the major sources of capital and technology in the world | 151 | |
| 7820339453 | Peripheral capitalist countries | Former colonies that are poor and are major sources of raw materials and cheap labor | 152 | |
| 7820342222 | Semi peripheral capitalist countries | such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Israel, consists of former colonies that are making considerable Headway and their attempts to industrialize | 153 | |
| 7820346931 | Prejudice | an attitude that judges a person or his or her group's real or imagined characteristics | 154 | |
| 7820350124 | discrimination | unfair treatment of people because of their group membership | 155 | |
| 7820354804 | ethnic group | compromises people who is perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. Ethnic groups differ from one another in terms of language, religion, Customs, values, and sisters, and the like | 156 | |
| 7820361944 | Candice multiculturalism policy | emphasizes tolerance of ethnic and racial differences | 157 | |
| 7820364359 | The Melting Pot ideology of the United States | values The Disappearance of ethnic and racial differences | 158 | |
| 7820367091 | symbolic ethnicity | are nostalgic allergens to the culture of the Immigrant generation, or that of the old country, that is not usually Incorporated in everyday Behavior | 159 | |
| 7820369557 | internal colonialism | involves One race or ethnic group subjugating another in the same country. It prevents assimilation by segregating the subordinate group in terms of jobs, housing, and social contacts | 160 | |
| 7820372223 | exposure | the forcible removal of a population from a territory claimed by another population | 161 | |
| 7820377917 | Conquest | the forcible capture of the land and the economic and political domination of its inhabitants | 162 | |
| 7820382086 | theory of the split labor market | where low-wage workers of One race and high-wage workers of another race compete for the same jobs, high-wage workers are likely to resent the presence of low-wage competitors and conflict is bound to result. Consequently racist attitudes developed or are reinforced | 163 | |
| 7820386482 | pluralism | the retention of racial and ethnic culture combined with the equal access to basic social resources | 164 | |
| 7820390573 | essentialism | in a school of thought that views gender differences as a reflection of biological differences between women and men | 165 | |
| 7820392774 | gender ideology | a set of interrelated ideas about what constitutes appropriate masculine and feminine roles and behavior | 166 | |
| 7820398752 | quid pro quo sexual harassment | takes place when sexual threats or bribery are made a condition of employment decisions | 167 | |
| 7820400827 | hostile environment sexual harassment | involve sexual jokes comments and touching that interferes with 4 create an unfriendly work environment | 168 | |
| 7820400828 | The economy | the institution that organizes the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services | 169 | |
| 7820404605 | productivity | refers to the amount of goods and services produced for every hour worked | 170 | |
| 7820407950 | markets | social relations that regulate the exchange of goods and services. And I'm Market the prices of goods and services are established by how plentiful they are and how much they are wanted | 171 | |
| 7820410432 | the division of labor | refers to the specialization of work tasks. The more specialized the work tasks in a society, the greater the division of labor | 172 | |
| 7820410434 | deskilling | Refers to the process by which work tasks are broken down into simple routines requiring little training to perform. deskilling is usually accompanied by the use of Machinery to replace labor wherever possible and increase management control over workers | 173 | |
| 7820417762 | fordism | a method of industrial management based on assembly line methods of producing an expensive, uniform Commodities and high-volume | 174 | |
| 7820420007 | scientific management | developed in the 1910s by Frederick W Taylor, is a system for improving productivity. After analyzing the movements of workers as they did their jobs, Taylor train them to eliminate unnecessary actions. This technique is also known as taylorism | 175 | |
| 7820422527 | labor market segmentation | the division of the market for labor into distinct settings. And these settings, work is found in different ways and workers have different characteristics. There is only a slim chance of moving from one city to another. | 176 | |
| 7820422528 | The primary labor market | comprises mainly highly-skilled, well-educated workers. They are employed in large corporations that enjoy a high level of capital investment. In the primary labor market, employment is secure, earnings are high, and fringe benefits are generous | 177 | |
| 7820425787 | the secondary labor market | contains a disproportionately large number of women and members of ethnic minorities, particularly recent immigrants. Employees in the secondary labor market tend to be unskilled and lock higher education. They work in small firms that have low levels of capital investment. Employment is insecure, earnings are low, and fringe benefits are meager | 178 | |
| 7820436752 | the human relations School of Management | emerged in the 1930s as a challenge to Taylor's Scientific Management approach. It advocated less authoritarian leadership on the shop for, careful, a and employee satisfaction and greater attention to human needs | 179 | |
| 7820440330 | Quality of work-life movement | originated in Sweden in Japan. It involves small groups of a dozen or so workers and managers collaborating to improve both the quality of goods produced in communication between workers and managers | 180 | |
| 7820443356 | co-determination | a German system of worker participation that allows workers to help formulate overall business strategy. German Workers councils review and influence management policies on a wide range of issues, including when and where new plants should be built and how Capital should be invested in technological innovation | 181 | |
| 7820447965 | internal labor markets | social mechanisms for controlling pay rates, hiring, and promotions within corporations while reducing competition between a firm's workers and external labor supplies | 182 | |
| 7820453350 | free market | prices are determined only by supply and demand | 183 | |
| 7820456729 | Regulated market | various social forces limit the capacity of supply and demand to determine prices | 184 | |
| 7820459664 | capitalism | the dominant economic system in the world. Private ownership of property and competition and the pursuit of profit characterize capitalist economies | 185 | |
| 7820463198 | corporations | legal entities that can enter into contracts and own property. They are taxed at a lower rate than individuals are and their owners are normally not liable for the corporation's debt or any harm and may cause the public | 186 | |
| 7820467317 | communism | a social and economic system in which property is owned by public bodies. Government planning, not the market, determines production and distribution | 187 | |
| 7820467346 | oligopolies | Giant corporations that control part of an economy. They are few in number and 10 not to compete against one another. Instead, they can set prices at levels that are most profitable for them | 188 | |
| 7820470089 | Conglomerates | Large corporations that operate in several Industries at the same time | 189 | |
| 7820473004 | Interlocking directorates | formed when an individual sits on the board of directors of two or more non-competing companies | 190 |
