Includes terms and concepts from Myers 7e, Chapter 7.
Terms : Hide Images
| 165605205 | consciousness | an awareness of ourselves and our environments | |
| 165605206 | circadian rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle | |
| 165605207 | suprachiasmatic nucleus | a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that receives input from the retina regarding light and dark cycles and is involved in regulating the biological clock | |
| 165605208 | REM sleep | rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur | |
| 165605209 | alpha waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state | |
| 165605210 | sleep | Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation | |
| 165605211 | hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus | |
| 165605212 | Stage 1 | Sleep stage characterized by: Light sleep; Theta waves; Hypnagogic imagery; Myoclonic jerks | |
| 165605213 | Stage 2 | In sleep, the stage that marks the beginning of what we know as sleep; subjects awakened in stage 2 report having been asleep. EEG tracings show high-frequency bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles. | |
| 165605214 | Stage 3 | a transitional stage in which Delta waves appear. Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and temperature continue to lower. Very difficult to wake. | |
| 165605215 | Stage 4 | stage of sleep in which Delta waves predominate; sleep walking is likely to occur during this phase | |
| 165605216 | delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | |
| 165605217 | sleep spindles | bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity characteristic of stage 2 sleep | |
| 165605218 | slow wave sleep | Sleep stages 3 & 4; so-called because of the increasing amount of delta waves | |
| 165605219 | paradoxical sleep | another term for REM sleep; refers to the constrast between high amounts of brain activity and low amounts of bodily (muscle) activity | |
| 165605220 | insomnia | sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | |
| 165605221 | narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | |
| 165605222 | sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | |
| 165605223 | night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | |
| 165605224 | somnambulism | the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening; also known as sleepwalking - stage 4 | |
| 165605225 | REM Sleep Disorder | a neurological disorder in which the person does not become paralyzed during REM sleep and thus acts out dreams | |
| 165605226 | dreams | occur most often during REM sleep; may be caused by activation-synthesis, or may be a way of cementing memories | |
| 165605227 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | |
| 165605228 | latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve. | |
| 165605229 | information processing model (of dreams) | belief by some researchers that the function of dreams is to help us sift, sort, and fix the day's experiences in our memory | |
| 165605230 | activation-synthesis theory | the idea that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity | |
| 165605231 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) | |
| 165605232 | hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur | |
| 165605233 | posthypnotic amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion | |
| 165605234 | posthypnotic suggestions | A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject no longer is hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. | |
| 165605235 | dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others; some believe hyponsis is a state of dissociation (divided consciousness) | |
| 165605236 | social influence theory | theory that hypnotic subjects are just role-playing; so caught up in hypnotized role that they convince themselves it's real; trying to be a "good subject"; imaginative acting | |
| 165605237 | hidden observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis | |
| 165605238 | psychoactive drugs | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood | |
| 165605239 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | |
| 165605240 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | |
| 165605241 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | |
| 165605242 | psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions | |
| 165605243 | depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. | |
| 165605244 | stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. | |
| 165605245 | hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | |
| 165605246 | barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment | |
| 165605247 | opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. | |
| 165605248 | amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | |
| 165605249 | ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition | |
| 165605250 | LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid | |
| 165605251 | THC | The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. |
